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mat Attractions atitr 
immtx liesorts 



ALONG THE RAILWAYS OF THE 

VIRGINIA, TENNESS 



w 



AND 



GEORGIA AIR LINE, 



THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY ML, 

THE NORFOLK AND WESTERN Hi, 

THE EAST TENNESSEE, VIRGINIA AND 
GEORGIA RR. 




The Noble Uplands of the South. 



THE SCENIC ATTRACTIONS 



AND 



SUMMER RESORTS 



ALONG THE RAILWAYS 



— OF — 



THE .VIRGINIA. TENNESSEE £ GEORGIA AIR LINE: 

THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY RR., 

» 

THE NORFOLK & WESTERN RR., 



AND 



THE EAST TENNESSEE, VIRGINIA & GEORGIA RR. 



ILL TJSTRJlTED. 




ISSUED BY 

THE PASSENGER DEPARTMENT 

OF 

THE VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE & GEORGIA AIR LINE, 

1883. 



Tz 



15 



Vga 



Copyright, 1883, by The Virginia, Tennessee & Georgia Air Line. 



Ef)t SUrine Prrgg, 

40 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK. 



Co:qte:qt$. 



Pages 

Railways and Officers of The Virginia, Tennessee & Georgia Air Line 7—9 

Introductory 10 

Synopsis of Scenery and Locations 11 — 13 

The Shenandoah Valley Route 14 



Luray 20 

Caverns of Luray 20 

Waynesboro 22 

Loch Laird Station 23 

Natural Bridge Station 23 

Buchanan 23 

The City of Roanoke 24 

The Norfolk and Western Route 25 



Hagerstown 14 

Grimes Station 15 

Antietam 16 

Sharpsburg 16 

Shepherdstown 17 

Charlestown 18 

Riverton 18 



Norfolk 27 

Petersburg , 28 

Burkeville 29 

Farmville 29 

Lynchburg 30 

Blue Ridge Springs 31 

Roanoke .• 32 

Salem 32 

Big Springs Depot 32 

Shawsville Depot 32 

The Georgia Division of the E. Tenn., Va. 

Jacksonville, Fla 38 

Brunswick 39 

Eastman 40 

Hawkinsville 40 

Macon 40 

The Memphis Division of the E. Tenn., Va 



New River Station 33 

Dublin 34 

Martin's Depot 34 

Max Meadows . . 34 

Wytheville Depot 35 

Rural Retreat 35 

Marion Depot 35 

Glade Springs 35 

Abingdon 36 



& Ga. RR 

Atlanta 41 

Rome 41 

Dalton 41 

Cleveland 42 



RR 



& Ga. 

Decatur 45 

Huntsville 45 

Stevensons 45 

Chattanooga 46 



37 



43 



& Ga. RR 

Talladega 50 

Oxford 50 

Anniston 50 

Jacksonville, Ala 50 

Cave Spring 51 



48 



Memphis, Tenn 43 

Corinth 43 

Iuka Station 43 

Tuscumbia 43 

Bailey Springs 43 

The Alabama Division of the E. Tenn., Va 

Meridian, Miss 48 

Demopolis 48 

Marion Junction 48 

Selma 49 

Calera 50 

Shelby Springs 50 

The Tennessee and Carolina Division of the E. Tenn., Va. & Ga. RR 52 



Its Topography 52 

Its Geological Formation 55 

Its Minerals 56 

Cleveland 5 2 

Athens 57 

White Cliff Springs 57 

Sweetwater 58 

Loudon 5^ 

Knoxville 58 

The Tourists' Guide to 



Morristown 60 

Bean's Station Valley 60 

Warm Springs 61 

Asheville 62 

Rogersville Junction 62 

Greenville 63 

Jonesboro 63 

Johnson City 63 

Bristol-Goodson 64 



Resorts best reached by the S. V. RR 66—67 

N. & W. RR 68-69 

E. T., V. & G. RR 7°— 71 

Itinerary of Routes 72 — 78 

Directory of Agencies 79 

List of Agents 80 

Announcements 81 — 112 

Maps. 

East Tenn., Va. and Ga. Topographical Map, between pages 64-65 

N. & W. and The S. V. « " " 80-81 

General Map of The Va., Tenn. & Ga. Air Line, opposite page 112 



IlltL^tfktioi^. 



The Noble Uplands of the South— Frontispiece. 

Head-piece 1 1 

" A Waterfall of Picturesque Loveliness " 12 

"Where the Speckled Trout finds a Home " 13 

The Shenandoah Valley 14 

The Approach to Hagerstown 15 

Burnsides Bridge, Antietam 16 

The Soldiers' Monument, Antietam 17 

Crossing the Potomac at Shepherdstown 17 

The Old Mill 18 

The Court House at Charlestown 19 

Luray Inn 19 

The Ball Room, Caverns of Luray 20 

Lake Lee, Caverns of Luray 21 

The Virgin Font, Caverns of Luray 22 

Natural Bridge of Virginia 23 

The Hotel at Roanoke 24 

The Wharves of Norfolk 25 

Norfolk Harbor , 2b 

The N. & W. RR. Passenger Depot at Norfolk 26 

A Peep Through a Norfolk Garden 27 

A Glimpse of Petersburg 28 

Blanford Church 29 

The James, near City Point 29 

Farm Life near Lynchburg 30 

The James, below Lynchburg 31 

In the Gap of the Peaks of Otter 31 

Blue Ridge Springs 32 

The Roanoke Valley 33 

The Roanoke River at Salem 33 

The Mountain Slopes of New River 34 

The Grazing Districts around Max Meadows 34 

Wytheville, Va 35 

White Top Mountain, from Glade Spring 36 

Headpiece 37 

The Water Sources Among the Georgia Pines 38 

The Beach at Brunswick 39 

The Plateau at Cleveland, Tenn 42 

The Scenery near Memphis 44 

Lookout Mountain 45 

View from Lookout Mountain 46 

Mission Ridge ., . . 47 

The Crescent City . 48 

On the Road to Calera 49 

An Alabama Cotton Field 50 

The Scenery of the French Broad 53 

Moonlight in the Unakas 54 

The Shores of the Tennessee River 55 

Cumberland Gap, near Morristown 56 

Sweetwater Valley 57 

Knoxville, Tenn 5^ 

Summering on the French Broad 59 

The Rapids— French Broad River 60 

Cascades, near Warm Springs 61 

The French Broad, near Asheville 62 

Bristol, Va 63 

Doe River Falls, near Cranberry , , , , , , . , 64 



THE RAILWAYS 



OF 



THE VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE k GEORGIA 



AIR LINE, 



AND OFFICERS THEREOF. 



THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY RAILROAD. 



Termini: Hagerstown and Roanoke. Length — ,240 miles. 

JUNCTION POINTS AND CONNECTIONS. 

Hagerstown North, East and West, with Cumberland Valley & Western Maryland Railroads. 

Shenandoah Junction, " " " " Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Main Line. 

Riverton " " " " Virginia Midland Railway. 

Waynesboro Junction, " " " Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. 

Loch Laird " " Richmond & Alleghany Railroad Lexington Branch. 

Buchanan " " " " " " Main Line. 

Roanoke South, " " " Norfolk & Western Railroad, Main Line. 

OFFICERS. 

President F. J. Kimball. 

Vice-President U. L. Boyce. 

General Manager Henry Fink. 

Superintendent Joseph H. Sands. 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent A. Pope. 

General Freight Agent Chas. P. Hatch. 

Treasurer W. G. MacDowell. 

Auditor Joseph W. Coxe. 

Chief Engineer W. W. Coe. 

Division Freight and Passenger Agent O. Howard Royer. 

Secretary , G. R. W. Armes. 

Purchasing Agent W. C. De Armond. 

General Offices : Philadelphia, and Lynchburg, Va. 



NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILROAD. 

Termini : Norfolk, Va., and Bristol, Tenn. 

Length — Main Line 408' miles. 

City Point Branch 7 " 

New River Division 74 " 

Saltville Branch 10 " 

Total, 499 " 

JUNCTION POINTS AND CONNECTIONS. 

Norfolk North with Baltimore Steam Packet Company, for Baltimore. 

" " Clyde Steam Lines, for Philadelphia. 

" " Old Dominion Steam Ship Company, for New York. 

" " Merchants' & Miners' Transportation Company, 

for Boston and Providence. 

South " Norfolk Southern Railway, for Eastern Virginia & 

North Carolina. 

City Point North and West " New York & Richmond Steamer Lines. 

Petersburg ... " South "... " Richmond & Petersburg & Petersburg Railroads. 

Burkeville " " " Richmond & Danville Railroad. 

Lynchburg .... " " East and West " Virginia Midland Railway, Richmond & Alleghany 

Railroad. 

Roanoke " West " Shenandoah Valley Railroad. 

New River. ... " " New River Division, for New River Coal Mines and 

Summer Resorts. 

Glade Springs " Saltville Branch. 

Bristol South and West " East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad. 

OFFICERS. 

President Geo. F. Tyler. 

First Vice President F. J. Kimball. 

Second Vice-President and General Manager. . Henry Fink. 

Superintendent Eastern Division N. M. Osborne. 

" Western " Frank Huger. 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent A. Pope. 

General Freight Agent C. P. Hatch. 

Assistant General Freight Agent W. A. Carpenter. 

Auditor E. E. Portlock. 

Treasurer W. G. MacDowell. 

Assistant Treasurer M. C. Jameson. 

Chief Engineer W. W. Coe. 

Secretary G. R. W. Armes. 

Purchasing Agent W. C. De Armond. 

General Offices : Philadelphia, and Lynchburg, Va. 



EAST TENNESSEE, VIRGINIA AND GEORGIA 

RAILROAD. 

DIVISIONS. 

East Tennessee Termini : Bristol & Chattanooga Length 242 miles. 

Carolina " Morristown & Warm Springs, " 49 " 

Ohio " Knoxville & Jellico " 66 " 

Ooltewat Cut-off " i\ l / 2 " 

Total East Tennessee Division 368^ miles 

Alabama Termini : Cleveland & Selma Length 164 miles 

Alabama Central " Selma & Meridian " 113 " 

Total Alabama Division 377 " 

Atlanta Division Termini : Rome & Macon Length 161 " 

Brunswick " " Macon & Brunswick " 200 " 

Memphis & Charleston R. R. . . " Chattanooga & Memphis " 328 " 

Total 1,434^ " 



9 



JUNCTION POINTS AND CONNECTIONS. 



Bristol . .' North 

Johnsons West 

Rogersville Jet. " 

Warm Springs.. " 

Jellico North & West 

Cleveland South 

Chattanooga. . . North, South and West , 



Dalton South 

Rome " 

Anniston East 

Calera North and South 

Selma East and West 

York " 

Lauderdale .... North and South 

Meridian " " and West.. 

Atlanta North, East, South and West. 



Macon North and South . 

Jesup " 

Brunswick. Ga , 

Decatur, Ala . . North and South . 
Tuscumbia. ... " 

Corinth " 

Middleton " 

Grand Junction, " 

Moscow " 

Memphis " 



ith Norfolk & Western Railroad. 

' East Tenn. & Western North Carolina Railroad. 

; ' Rogersville & Jefferson Railroad. 

: ' Western North Carolina Railroad. 

' Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 

' Alabama Division. 

' Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R. R., Nashville, Chat- 
tanooga & St. Louis, Memphis & Charleston, Ala- 
bama Great Southern, Western & Atlantic RR. 

' Western & Atlantic. 

' Atlanta Division & Rome Railroad. 

' Georgia Pacific Railroad. 

' Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 

" Louisville & Nashville Railroad & Alabama Central. 

' Alabama Great Southern Railroad. 

: ' Mobile & Ohio Railroad. 

' Vicksburg & Meridian, Mobile & Ohio, and Alabama 
Great Southern Railroads. 

'•' Richmond & Danville Railroad, Georgia Railroad, 
Central Railroad of Georgia, Western & Atlanta, 
Atlanta & West Point, Georgia Pacific. 

" Georgia Railroad & Central Railroad of Georgia. 

" Savannah, Florida & Western Railroad. 

" Steamers for Fernandina and Jacksonville. 

' Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 

' Florence Branch. 

' Mobile & Ohio Railroad. 

' Ship Island, Ripley & Kentucky Railroad. 

; ' Illinois Central (Southern Division) Railroad. 

; ' Summerville Branch. 

; ' Memphis & Little Rock, Mississippi & Tennessee, 
Louisville & Nashville, Kansas City, Fort Scott 
& Gulf RRs., and steamers on Mississippi River. 

• OFFICERS. 

President Samuel Thomas. 

Vice-President C. M. McGhee. 

Vice-President and General Manager Henry Fink. 

Assistant to President A. O. Beebe. 

Secretary L. M. Schwan. 

Treasurer James G. Mitchell. 

Assistant Treasurer B. T. Mitchell. 

Auditor T. D. Flippen. 

General Superintendent John F. O'Brien. 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent A. Pope. 

General Freight Agent James R. Ogden. 

Supt. East Tennessee Division F. K. Huger, Knoxville, Tenn. 

As st. G. F.& P. A. East Tennessee Division .J. Gothard, " 

Supt. Alabama Division Jno. M. Bridges, Selma, Ala. 

As st. G. F. 6° P. A. Alabama Division Ray Knight, " 

Supt. Atlanta Division T. D. Kline, Atlanta, Ga. 

" Brunswick Division J. E. Mallory, Macon. Ga. 

A. G. P.&E.A. Atlanta 6- Brunswick Div.J. J. Griffin, Atlanta, Ga. 

Supt. Memphis 6° Charleston Division R. B. Pegram, Jr., Memphis, Tenn. 

Auditor " " . . T. M. Barker, " 

Treasurer " " H.C.Wilton, " 

Asst. G.F.&P.A. " T. S. Davant, " 

Purchasing Agent W. A. Harrison, Knoxville, Tenn. 

General Offices : Knoxville, Tennessee. 



and West. 



Iijtfodtidtofy. 



"^W^ITHIN the limits of that vast section of the United States of 
X^y America, East of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, there 
lies a region embracing much of Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, West- 
ern North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, which, possessing 
in a most remarkable degree those great resources of individual and 
natural wealth represented in the products of their fields, forests, mines, 
and water-powers, likewise presents an array of scenic attractions and 
health and pleasure resorts unsurpassed throughout a land favored most 
highly among the Nations of the World, with all that charms the eye 
and pleases the senses. 

Traversed in all essential directions by a transportation service, now 
rendered cohesive and harmonious by common interests and common 
management, the Railways of 

THE VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA AIRLINE 

and their connections, departing from the banks of the Susquehanna, 
the Potomac *and Chesapeake Bay in the Northeast ; the waters of 
the Gulf of Mexico and the orange groves of Florida on the South 
and Southwest ; the cotton fields of the Mississippi on the West ; 
the blue waves of the Atlantic on the Southeast, and the busy 
.scenes of Norfolk and Hampton Roads on the East, ascend rapidly to 
that vast plateau pierced and encircled by the Appalachian Mountain 
Ranges, and finding the shortest routes of union between the great cities 
of the North and South and Southwest, furnish highways of luxurious and 
speedy travel, amid surroundings of natural beauty and personal comfort 
unexcelled throughout the land. 

To briefly recite these attractions, as a guide for health and pleasure- 
seekers, is the object of this book. 










SYNOPSIS OF SCENERY AND LOCATIONS. 



'P HOUGH time and change — the waste of storms and friction of revolving 
J- ages — have plowed deep turrows in that beauty which gave the new-born earth 
its pristine grace, still Nature from her wondrous wealth impartially bestows unending 
favors on her worshippers ; and o'er earth's wide expanse — divided oft by trackless 
desert, boundless sea and unromantic plain — are favored spots where iconoclastic 
time has trodden, not heavily, but rather put off his shoes, as if on holy ground. 

These reminders of a sinless age are not exclusive properties of any ''section," 
nor do they owe allegiance to any one nation. Do not Chamouni, Como, Tempe, 
Val de Rhine, Yellowstone, and the grand plateau of the Appalachian Mountains 
belong to the world ? Are not these — 

* * * Neutral ground, 

Where battle flags are furled, 

And peace, her olive branch 

Spreads o'er all the world ? 

Yet happy is that nation, blessed that section, where sharp-toothed decay has 
left upon the face of Nature a kiss and not a scar. 

Within the limits of our own land — almost within the sight of her great North- 
eastern cities, from thence sweeping away to the far Southwest through Maryland, 
Virginia, Western North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee, Northern Georgia and 
Alabama — exist these evidences of earth's loveliness : ' ' The Appalachian plateau 
kissing the clouds with its mountain peaks, diving hundreds of feet into the cool 
earth with its valleys ; sending its tiny brooks and dashing torrents to the north, 
south, east and west ; lifting its entire length from the historic Potomac to the 
outlying valleys of the Mississippi, far above the heated level of cities, into an atmos- 
phere ever healthful and ever clear — this phenomenal table land, presents an 
assemblage of natural beauty, of physical resources and attractions that challenges 
a peer in all the earth. 

This Appalachian plateau is formed by the upheaval of those famous moun- 
tain ranges — the Alleghany and the Blue Ridge — which form a "back-bone" for 
the territory on the east, as the Rocky Mountains do for the country west of the 
Mississippi. It stands between and is equi-distant from the borders of the Ohio 
and Mississippi rivers, and the level coast lands of the Atlantic Between its 



12 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



parallel ranges, fed by streams from many a waterfall of picturesque loveliness, 
are valleys among the most beautiful on the American continent, where, amid 
lovely scenes of pastoral beauty, nestle well-kept farms, and spring from leafy groves 
graceful church spires of thriving towns and villages. The enchanting valley of the 
Shenandoah — the pride of Virginia — the admiration of all lovers of beautiful nature, 
lies like an emerald ocean between its forest-crowned rock-girdled barriers. 

Far to the southwest, locking in its waves of green the white-walled towns, 




A Waterfall of picturesque loveliness.' 1 '' 



the rural mansions, the vine-clad farm houses, and throwing its spray of clover 
blossoms into the rushing waters of the Roanoke, is the Roanoke valley. Still on 
toward the Tennessee border, where ' ' White Top Mountain " stands grim and 
silent as its Gibraltar, is the valley of the Holston ; all these are continuations of the 
famous valley of Virginia, which sweeps between frowning mountain ranges, and 
holds within its enchanting limits some of the fairest of earthly visions. 

Still further south are the valleys of the Tennessee and the vistaed fields of 
Western North Carolina, and where the plateau dips toward the balsamic forests of 
pine are the gentle slopes and flowery meads of gulf-watched Georgia and 
Alabama. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



13 



- Upon this noble upland are the health resorts of the States through which it 
passes. Diverging spurs shoot out from the parent mountains, forming pretty 
valleys each with independent and peculiar attractions. In these, as upon the 




"Where the speckled trout finds a home: 



adjacent ranges, are the mineral springs 
and summer retreats. Surrounded by 
magnificent scenery, lifted up into an 
air ''like champagne," each the centre 
of vast preserves where the deer, pheas- 
ant and turkey hide and the speckled 
trout finds a home, themselves the 
laboratories where Nature mixes her 
healing medicines ; these springs are 
the resorts for thousands who flee from 
the great cities to build up wasted health, 



or add tonic to the nerves by the invigorating exercise of lungs, muscles and senses. 

This territory lies in a direct line between the North and the South. Climbing 
upon its northward edge where it makes obeisance to the States of Pennsylvania 
and Maryland ; upon its western declivity where it stoops toward the great lakes 
and the Ohio valley ; or upon its southward foothills where it scents the magnolia- 
laden breezes of the gulf; the tourist or the traveler has before him a highway, 
along which he may with delight pursue his journey to great marts and traffic 
centres of the North, or to the ' ' sanitaria " of Tennessee and Virginia, or to the 
prairies of Texas through the cane fields and magnolia groves of Mississippi and 
Louisiana, or to the cotton fields and pine orchards of Alabama and Georgia, or to 
the orange groves and flower gardens of Florida. 

Through the very centre of this favored section, within easy reach of its 
mineral springs, passing along the edge or through the midst of its loveliest valleys, 
tapping its richest mining and farming lands, the railways of The Virginia, Ten- 
nessee and Georgia Air Line run from Hagerstown, Maryland, to Memphis in 
Tennessee, to Meridian in Mississippi, and to Brunswick in Georgia. 

From each of these points comes an independent tourist whose journal finds 
place in the following pages. 



THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY ROUTE, 

From Harrisburg or Baltimore to Roanoke. 



VIA 
Hagerstown, 
St. James, 
Antietam, 
Shepherdstown, 
Shenandoah June. 
Charlestown, 
Berryville, 
White Post, 
Ashby, 
Riverton, 
Front Royal, 
Luray, 
Milnes, 

Port Republic, 
Weyer's Cave, 
Waynesboro June. 
Riverside, 
Loch Laird, 
Natural Bridge, 
Buchanan, 
Houston, 
Troutville, 
Cloverdale. 



Where shall we go a summering, Jennie ? 

What place for you and me ? 
The level waves of the mountains, 

Or the towering vales of the sea ? 

It was more than a comic soliloquy in my case ; bound 
Southward from New York to meet friends in the Old Dominion, 
the question was not between "vales of the sea" and the 
"waves of the mountains," but which route shall I take to my 
appointed rendezvous ? 

Now the case was diagnosed in this manner 

Here are two or more ways between given points ; sup- 
pose the expenses contingent upon each to be the same ; the 
time consumed to be the same ; no appreciable difference in 
the comforts of transportation — then I shall go by the way 
along which I can see something. 

I have never been noted for logical acumen, but this con- 
clusion was as easily taken as a case of measles. So the next 
train South found me sweeping across New Jersey toward 
Philadelphia, bound through that city to Harrisburg, Penn., 
from which place I intended to take the Shenandoah Railroad 'at 

HAGERSTOWN, 

in Maryland, and thence 
skimming along by clover 
fields and apple orchards, 
mineral springs and blast 
furnaces, trout streams and 
mountain fastnesses — seek 
my friends in the beautiful 
heart of the beautiful Old 
Dominion. 

Arriving at Harrisburg, I 
had the happiness to con- 
gratulate myself without the 
usual necessity of putting 
some disagreeable condem- 
nation in the prescription. 

At this point lines of rail- 
road converge from Ohio 
and the lake regions, as well 
as from the north and east. 
I was one of several people 
who, from all these sections, 
had gathered here prepara- 
tory to a grand excursion 
into that attractive portion of 
Virginia penetrated by the 
Shenandoah Valley Road. 

Many were the laughs and 
jests, quick wit and repartee, 
as' our train ambled through 
the meadows along the 




THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY, 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



15 




THE APPROACH TO HAGERSTOWN. 



Cumberland Valley Road to Hagerstown. 
" Gettysburg out to the left \" 

"Gettysburg belongs to the United 
States now/' said a pretty Western 
tourist. 

" You are right my dear," replied her 
father, "the graves of our heroes are 
our common altars, whereon we should 
lay our offering of peace. " 

Hagerstown, Maryland : — This old 
colonial city is the de facio beginning 
of the Shanandoah Valley Railroad. 
It is a pleasant place with 8,000 inhabi- 
tants, dignified as becomes a city of its 
age, active and enterprising as this busy, 
stirring day demands. 

Here we were joined by another 
"grand excursion" from Baltimore, 
coming out of the "monumental city" 
over the Western Maryland Road. 

Hagerstown is a rallying point for 
tourists and excursionists, who, coming 
from the West and East over the Western 
Maryland R. R. and from the populous 
sections of the northeast and northwest 
over the Cumberland Railroad via 
Harrisburg, would see all the lovely 



region traversed by the Shenandoah 
Valley Road. 

Fairly under way, with plenty of 
room in our comfortable coaches, over 
a solid road-bed and a steel track, we 
began the chief duty of the occasion, 
that of sight-seeing and enjoying our- 
selves. 

St. James' Protestant Episcopal Col- 
lege. This popular seat of learning, be- 
longing to the diocese of Maryland, lies 
in classic solitude just off the line. The 
historical tourist informed us that the main 
college building was, in the early part of 
this century, the mansion house of Gen. 
Samuel Ringold, who owned a manor 
of 20,000 of these beautiful acres that 
spread out around. 

GRIMES STATION. 



Amid quiet fields where grasses and 
flowers cover the " red tracks" of con- 
tending hosts, this little station stands 
the vidette of the great battle fields along 
the valley road. 



[6 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




BUR^SIDE'S BRIDGE, ANTIETAM. 



ANTIETAM 

is not far away, and "Stonewall's " men 
left souvenirs of their presence here, in 
the bullet marks on trees and fences. 

The bridge which Burnside crossed is 
another reminder of the past, and the 
Soldiers' Monument speaks adoration of 
those who fell upon the way. 

SHARPSBURG. 

Every acre about this place is battle 
ground. For three miles the railroad 
runs through the centre of fields, once 
the arenas of fierce fighting. Vividly 
the imagination pictures the charge, the 
retreat, the carnage. O, God of battles, 
let it never be seen again in reality ! 
Peaceful as a benediction, the sunbeams 
rest on the trees that watch over the 
graves of 5,000 Federal soldiers who 
sleep here. 

Three miles south of Sharpsburg the 
train crosses the 

Potomac River. 
Beautiful Potomac ! Linked forever 



in the historic chain that binds our Re- 
public to the past ! 

Only a mile below the railroad cross- 
ing is the "Old Pack-Horse Ford," 
where 150 years ago the Catawba and 
Susquehannock braves engaged in a ter- 
rible battle. There also, in 1775, tne 
Southern Minute Men crossed the river 
to join Washington at Boston. Lee 
crossed at this ford to the battle of An- 
tietam, and recrossed when the battle 
had been fought. Just above the ford is 
the rocky precipice over which 3,000 
men, among them many of the "Corn 
Exchange Regiment," of Philadelphia, 
rushed to their death. 

How changed is all nature since war's 
alarums ceased. Peacefully the sun 
shines over quiet farms and dreamy 
woodland. Herds graze in the meadows, 
contented people throng the village 
streets, prosperity has again united the 
land. The violets grow where the can- 
non shot made furrows ; the swallows 
skim the placid waters ; 

" All quiet along the Potomac ! " 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 




THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, ANTIETAM. 



SHEPHERDSTOWN 
dates back to 1734, when Thomas Shep- 
herd selected its romantic site for a settle- 
ment, and gave it his own name. 

In the river at this place James Rum- 
say, in 1787, exhibited the steamboat he 
had invented twenty-five years before 
Fulton's experiment on the Hudson. 
Shades of departed genius — suppose 
you could see what is on the Hudson 
and the Potomac to-day ! 

At Shenandoah Junction, the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad crossed our track, 
and there we got an addition to our party 



of sightseers. A pleasant old gentleman 
from Baltimore told us that ' 'Major- 
General Drake, a descendant of one of 
the judges of Charles I., and a Revolu- 
tionary hero, had his palatial abode 
about a mile from the Junction." Also 
that Horatio Gates, Charles Lee and 
Adam Stephen resided near this point. 
All these were with Washington at 
Braddock's defeat ; all three were 
wounded ; all three joined the Colonists ; 
all three were made generals ; all three 
were court-martialed and deprived of 
their command. 




CROSSING THE POTOMAC AT SHEPHERDSTOWN. 



i8 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




THE OLD MILL. 



CHARLESTOWN. 

This town is named after Charles 
Washington, a brother of the General, 
and lies upon land once owned by him. 
A short distance from the station is ' ' Brad- 
dock's Well," dug by his troops when 
on their way to Fort Du Quesne. A 
mile west is the ruin of a stone church, 
built to shelter those who prayed for 
their reigning sovereign, George II. 
Near by is " Harewood House, " the 
home of Samuel Washington, where 
James Madison was married, where Louis 
Phillipe and his brothers, the Due de 
Montpensier and Count Beaujelaix, were 
entertained. 

In the Court House, at Charlestown, 
John Brown was tried and condemned, 
and, in view from the cars, is the spot 
where he was hung. 

Between Berryville and White Post is 
situated historic "Greenway Court," the 
manor house of Lord Fairfax, ' ' Wash- 
ington's patron," and the owner of 
50,000 acres of surrounding territory. 
' ' White Post " is called from a white oak 
post, planted by Lord Fairfax, to mark 



the road to "Greenway Court," which 
original post yet remains, carefully en- 
cased, for preservation. Washington 
was employed by this nobleman to sur- 
vey his vast possessions, called by the 
Indians, Shenandoah, " Daughter of the 
Stars." Here the old lord lived when 
his former protege, as General of the 
Continental Army, had captured Corn- 
wallis at Yorktown and gained the inde- 
pendence of the Colonies. When told 
of this surrender, he said to his servant : 
"Take me to bed, Joe; it is time for 
me to die." 

The scenic beauty of the section round 
Boycevile and Riverton is indescribable. 
Near the former place is the old stone 
mansion, "Saratoga," built in revolu- 
tionary days by Hessian prisoners for 
General Morgan. Everywhere is the ro- 
mantic stretch of woodland, the upheaved 
hills and the dim blue crests of the 
mountains. At 

RIVERTON, 
the road crosses the junction of the 
north and south forks of the Shenandoah 
River. Seldom does one see so lovely a 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



19 




THE COURT HOUSE AT CHARLESTOWN. 



picture as that which opens to view here. 
Filmy clouds hung over the valley, 
touching, like a silver veil, the brow of 
distant mountains. Deep Summer 
green were the meadows, lighter the 
Spring tints upon the hills, while high 
up the mountain sides Winter lingered, 
as if loth to leave a spot so charming. 

Down along the "South Fork," 
through the Shenandoah Valley, grace- 
fully curves the limpid river, now near- 
ing the train, now rushing away to leap 



against the rugged base of the mountains.; 
grandly rise the wooded crests of the 
Massanutton Mountain on the west and 
the Blue Ridge on the east ; sweetly the 
green glades, vistaed by the opening 
hills, lead the eye out into quiet moun- 
tain vales — all around is loveliness, all 
above is glorious, all within is peace. 

" Gently blows the southwest wind 
O'er willowy meads, and shadowed waters 

creeping, 
And Ceres' golden fields." 




LURAY INN. 



20 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



Through a panorama of such beauty as 
is only to be seen along the Shenandoah 
Valley, the tourist train halted at 

LURAY. 

Here we debarked before the "pret- 
tiest inn" on the continent. Built in 
Queen Anne style, with spacious grounds 
and graded walks, it presents, with its 



" The Alps ! The Alps ! 

I see their icy steep, 
Where pine trees quake and moan, 
And dark gray shadows creep." 

Luray has a history as well as a mod- 
ern fame. Stonewall Jackson led his 
army through its streets to fight at Stras- 
burg. General Shields passed through 
to the affair at Fremont. General Lee, 
with the forces from Gettysburg, 




THE BALLROOM — CAVERNS OF LURAY. 



tall chimneys, flat gables and wide ve- 
randahs, a novel and charming appear- 
ance. 

Entering its roomy interior, and look- 
ing upon its wainscoted walls, its pil- 
lared ceiling and broad fire places, one is 
reminded of the lovely Swiss pensions-; 
and, when he casts his delighted gaze 
out of the open windows toward the 
mist-crowned Massanutton, he involun- 
tarily exclaims, 



bivouacked here. And here came often 
the gray troopers that rode with MoSby, 
White, McNeil and Harry Gilmor. 

But, after all, that which gives it its 
world-wide notoriety is the proximity of 
the wonderful 

CAVERNS OF LURAY. 

To ' ' go down " into a cave is one 
thing ; to descend into the Luray Cav- 
erns is entirely another thing. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



21 



In the first instance you smother up 
in an old gum coat (doing similar ser- 
vice for a generation), crowd your feet 
into rubber shoes (warranted to go on 
any size loot), and then go paddling, 
splashing along, with eyes full of dripping 
lime-water and ears lull of mud ; finally 
emerging, wet, bedraggled and nasty, 
you vow never to go again, then you go 
home to have the rheumatism and ague 
for an indefinite season. 



Down, 

" Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow, 
Nor ever wind blows loudly," 

is a region peopled with the wierdest, 
most fantastic shapes ; crowded with 
colossal statues ; gemmed with delicate 
images ; furrowed by abyssmal chasms ; 
fleeing away between gigantic columns 
into fairy grottoes ; startling with sud- 
den revelations ; charming with exquisite 
tracery along cloistered walls and fretted 




LAKE LEE— CAVERNS OF LURAY. 



But you go into Luray Caverns over a 
cemented walk, dry as a brick ; you 
wear your own clothes, and come out 
again under a "daffodil sky," fresh 
enough without ' ' peeling " for table 
d'hote. 

"Don't go," said a grim old tourist. 
' ' One cavern is like another : stalactite, 
stalagmite, impossible-to-be-seen resem- 
blances ; nothing new — Stay out !" 

With misgivings I went ; and live to 
chronicle the most enjoyable and novel 
experience of my tourist life. 



roofs — a region where nothing is fa- 
miliar, nothing monotonous. You walk 
in a new world, along new paths, amid 
new scenes ; in a realm where the plastic 
fancies of mad poets' brains have been 
flung, and congealed in adamant ; 
stand where the ' ' Dragon of Luray " 
rears his grizzled form ; wander along the 
palisades upon the ' ' Banks of the 
Rhine ; " gaze upon the ermine-cloaked 
' ' Empress Column ; " linger reverently 
in the solemn "Cathedral" while nave 
and aisle answer to the dulcet mono- 



22 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



tone of the keyless ' ' Organ ; " shiver 
beside the ' ' Frozen Geysers ; " shrink 
from the startling ' ' Spectre ; " look be- 
tween its jeweled lattice-bars upon the 
" Virgin Font;" put away unholy 
thoughts before the "Angel's Harp;'' 
let fall your vision into "Pluto Chasm •" 
lift it to the star-decked domes — over all 
is a flood of glory from the electric 
lamps, whitening the snowy white, dark- 
ening the shadows and writing on heart 
and sense and mind a wordless poetry of 
eternal beauty. * * * * 
Out of Luray and away again down the 



To individualize between the many 
charming spots in the famed valleys of 
Virginia, to which the Chesapeake & 
Ohio Railway affords such quick and 
luxurious access, would be a hopeless 
task. Each has its charm, and to each 
pertain peculiar beauties. As in olden 
time 'twas said "that all roads lead to 
Rome," so may we say in the year of 
grace, all Summer tourists' paths turn 
naturally to the famed Virginia springs 
that bubble along this railway. 

One of the most remarkable features 
of the Shenandoah Valley Route, is 




THE VIRGIN FONT— CAVERNS OF LURAY. 



green flood of the Shenandoah Valley, 
past pretty farms, blossoming orchards 
and redolent meadows to 

WAYNESBORO. 

This station is at the crossing of the 
Shenandoah Valley and the Chesapeake 
& Ohio Roads. Interchange of traffic 
is had between the respective companies 
here, and tourists from Baltimore, New 
York, Washington and Philadelphia 
turn west to the White Sulphur Springs 
in West Virginia, and to the many pop- 
ular resorts alone: the latter line. 



that the entire line passes through a 
territory, every foot of which, as seen 
from the car windows, is a picture of 
beauty. An artist might check his 
outfit to any station, and rest assured 
that from the station platform he would 
have need for all the gorgeous tints that 
his palette could hold, or his brushes 
spread. 

Leaving Waynesboro behind, the 
scenery lost no charm of loveliness 
from its "symphonies" of "green and 
gold, pale violet and white silver" — all 
was charming. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS 



23 



AT LOCH LAIRD STATION, 

a branch of the Richmond and Alle- 
ghany road leads out to Lexington, the 
Heidelberg of Virginia. Here, amid 
such natural beauty as only the Valley 
Mountains can boast, is a famous inland 
city, noted for its healthfulness, its cul- 
tivated society, its colleges, and as the 
resting place of those Southern heroes, 
Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. 



has a span of 90 feet ; the thickness of 
its floor rock is 50 feet ; the height from 
the creek bed to arch is 215 feet, and 
from directly under to the little cedar tree 
that clings to the parapet is 265 feet. A 
splendid hotel and lordly grounds are 
grateful hand-maids to this cycle-worn 
veteran. 

BUCHANAN 

was once the western terminus of the 




NATURAL BRIDGE STATION 

landed us within reach of that peerless 
phenomena of the land, one of the 
world's wonders, the 

Natural Bridge of Virginia. 
This strange engineering of nature needs 
no description here ; it has been a theme 
for historians, poets, and orators since 
the eyes of ' ' pale faces " first beheld it. 
It is a bona fide bridge, and in use 
every day for the wood-cart of the 
mountaineer, as well as for the "drag 
and bays " of hotel livery. The bridge 



NATURAL BRIDGE OF 
VIRGINIA. 

James River & Kanawha Canal, but 
since the era of mule power and tin 
horns has given place to steam and 
steel rails, it has accommodated itself to 
all the modern graces of railroad life. 
The main line of the R. & A. Railroad 
connects, through this place, the She- 
nandoah Valley road with the country on 
the Ohio River. 

We enter the Roanoke Valley amid 
scenes of surpassing beauty. The setting 
sun purples the tops of the mountains 
and throws its slanting rays over the 
rich field and pasture lands ; the twi- 






24 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



light steals out of the forest and dims 
the blue thread of mist along the James ; 
the cattle low in the shaded lanes, the 
sheep-bells tinkle on the hills ; ^olian 
winds ring among the dusky trees, 

"Night draws her mantle and pins it with a 
star!" 

THE CITY OF ROANOKE 

blazes up ahead like an illumination ; 
red-mouthed furnace-chimneys lift like 
giant torches above the plain ; the roar 
of machinery, the whistle of engines, the 
ceaseless hum of labor and of life in the 



bustling with busy men and curious 
tourists, Roanoke is the temple where 
Esculapius and Vulcan have reared their 
shrines and receive the homage of willing 
votaries. ' 

The future of Roanoke is assured. It 
is the terminus of The Shenandoah Val- 
ley Railroad and lies immediately on the 
Norfolk & Western's Great Through 
Line. These roads have built exten- 
sive shops here, and made other per- 
manent improvements ; thus evidencing 
a determination to secure the welfare of 
their foster-child. Within a short dis- 
tance are coal and valuable iron ores, 




THE HOTEL AT ROANOKE. 



very heart of a quiet, mountain-locked 
valley ! We roll into the finest depot 
in the State, and are escorted to a hotel 
that would do credit to the proudest 
city. We tourists go to bed dumb- 
founded! 

breaks over the hills and 
Here 
is a thoroughly modern city, built as if 
by magic, yet substantial and solid with 
the dignity of years upon its youthful 
countenance. A thousand feet above 
the sea, surrounded by a country rich in 
minerals, fertile in soil, dotted with 
medicinal springs ; alive with blast-fur- 
naces, machine shops, railroad buildings, 



Morning 
adds to the wonder of the night 



and immense furnaces are already utiliz- 
ing these rich deposits. As a health 
resort it is unsurpassed both on account 
of its own advantages, and its proximity 
to mineral springs. Its hotel accommo- 
dations are ample and its location — mid- 
way a great system of railroads connect- 
ing the centres of trade and population 
of the North and East, with the agricul- 
tural and supply sections of the South 
and West — give it position and advantages 
possessed by few places in the land. 
Taking it altogether, from a hygienic, 
scenic, or business point of view, 
Roanoke City is the phenomenon of 
the South. 



FROM BOSTON, NEW YORK, BALTIMORE, BY SEA 

TO NORFOLK, 

And Thence over the Norfolk and Western Railroad. 



" The tide rises, the tide falls, 
The little waves, with their soft white hands, 
Efface the footprints on the sands, 

And the tide rises, the tide falls." 
Magnificent steamers from Boston, New York and other 
North Atlantic ports carry the travel and traffic of the ' ' outer 
coast " to Norfolk ; while "sister ships " come booming down, 
between the green banks of Chesapeake Bay, from Baltimore 
and the heart of Maryland, to the same 

" White Swan of Cities, slumbering in her nest " 
by the sea. 

It was upon one of the former, that I came out of New 
York Bay, and the lines from Longfellow were sung by the 
tide waves on the sand, as our ship went harborward from the 
sea. Close under our lee lay the white beach of Cape Charles ; 
far out in the eye of the weather was his twin brother, Cape 
Henry, between them rolled the green trough of the ocean. 
Everywhere 

"The big ship went, the big ship came, 
Coming and going to sea." 

white winged sailers glided noiselessly by ; graceful ships, 
three - masters, crowded with snowy canvas ; deep laden 
schooners, with booms .far out, and sails swung wing and wing; noisy steamers, 
with paddle-wheels shrouded in spray, with propellers buried in foam. We were 
in the track of a great commerce, and these beautiful creatures were the slaves 
of a tireless trade. 

The stars and stripes rose out of the sea, and soon far ahead loomed up the 
walls of Fortress Monroe, the post bellum prison of the Confederate States' President, 
Jefferson Davis. 



VIA 
Petersburg, 
Burkeville, 
Farmville, 
Lynchburg, 
Forest, 
Buford's, 

Blue Ridge Springs, 
Roanoke, 
Salem, 
Big Spring, 
Big Tunnel, 
Central, 
Staytide, 
New River, 
Pocahontas, 
Dublin, 
Martin's, 
Max Meadows, 
Wytheville, 
Rural Retreat, 
Marion. 
Glade Spring, 
Abingdon. 




THE WHARVES OF NORFOLK. 



26 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




NORFOLK HARBOR. 



Close under the guns of the fort, its 
great, glaring Hygeia Hotel, with cool 
balconies looking across the tide, and 
"brass-bands " drooning music over the 
waves. Dozens of sail-boats were in the 
water, 

" Their low bent sails in tack and flow, 
Turned white or dark to shade and sun ; " 

and fresh from their dip in the surf 

" Loose-haired, bare-footed, hand in hand 
Young girls went tripping down the^sand." 

The National Cemetery, the Soldiers' 
Home, the Hampton Normal School — 
all are places of interest in easy distance 
from the hotel. 

Historic Hampton Roads, with its 
broad sheeny waters, snow-flecked with 



peaceful sails, opens out toward the 
West. It was here that the frigates 
Cumberland and Congress had their 
death fight with the Confederate ram 
Merrimac, and where she had her fa- 
mous combat with the Monitor. The 
eastern waters of the Roads mingle with 
those of the "finest harbor" along the 
Atlantic Coast, and Norfolk City "sits 
mistress of the waves " at its head. Our 
ship went down along a line of wharves 
crowded with all imaginable craft ; there 
were big blustering steamers, heavy 
sided ships, tall barques ; craft for the 
river, for the harbor, for the Chesapeake 
Bay, for the waters in the interior, for 
the long journey across the ocean. Na- 
val vessels lay "off" the Gosport Navy 




THE N. & W. RR. PASSENGER DEPOT AT NORFOLK. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



27 



Yard, and great wheezing ferry-boats 
came and went between our side and 
Portsmouth. There were cotton ships, 
lumber ships, grain ships, passenger 
ships, fishing ships, merchant ships and 
pleasure ships. If ships make a place 
then Norfolk needs no architect. 



annually shipped to Northern markets. 
Back in the interior are endless forests, 
whence the city draws a lumber trade 
rivaling any city in Maine. Above her is 
a grain and tobacco country, whence she 
receives and handles vast supplies. And 
her deep-water harbor has brought com- 




A PEEP THROUGH A NORFOLK GARDEN. 



NORFOLK 

was one of the earliest English settle- 
ments in Virginia. It has fought through 
three wars, bears yet the scars of two, 
and notwithstanding, holds up its head 
among the most active and thriving 
places in the land. As a business cen- 
tre, this city has few equals. Around 
it is a large territory carefully cultivated 
as ' ' truck gardens, " whence thousands of 
crates of vegetables and early fruits are 



merce and cotton together on her 
wharves. She has fine hotels, beautiful 
residences, handsome churches, good 
drainage, excellent water supply, a de- 
licious climate and a peerless fish, vege- 
table and oyster market. She is con- 
nected with cities in the North by lines 
of magnificent steamers, with the South 
coast by the same means ; she has rail- 
roads running away from her down the 
coast, and she is linked to the great 
grain sections of the West and South- 



28 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



west and the snowy cotton fields of the 
South by the bands of steel that lie along 
the road-bed of the 

Norfolk and Western R. R. 

This railroad has its eastern terminus 
here, where the smoke of sea-going 
steamers mingles with that of its land- 
going locomotives ; its western terminus 
is nominally at Bristol on the Tennes- 
see border ; virtually it has no western 
terminus, for it unites at Bristol with a 
great system that ramifies the whole 
country toward the Great Lakes, the 
Ohio and Mississippi valleys, the Cot- 
ton Belt and orange groves of the Gulf, 
and stretches across the continent 
through Texan plains or Mexican and 
California valleys. 

Out from the handsome depot build- 
ing, I rode in the morning hour toward 
Bristol on the border. White-cap waves 
rolled in from the roadstead, sea-gulls 
dipped to the cool incoming tide, a 
summer wind blew softly, laden with 
perfume of pine forests ; mist was over 
the distant sea, and the slant rays of the 
sun shone like a visible benediction on 
the tall masts, white sails and creeping 
steamers that kept guard around the 
city. Norfolk was left behind. 

The dew was on the grass) and its 
glittering drops hung like diamonds 
from the blossoms of the fruit trees, as 
we passed through the immense fields 
devoted to the market gardens. Well- 
kept farm-houses, carefully cultivated 
soil, told of energy and thrift, and one 
no longer wondered whence came all 
the early vegetables. Beyond the 
"trucking belt," and solemn in its aw- 
ful stillness is the 

Great Dismal Swamp, 
whose quiet is only broken by the sound 



of the woodman's axe, or the noise of 
the passing trains. In the centre of this 
swamp is Drummond's Lake. When 
Thomas Moore was in Norfolk, he im- 
mortalized the story of the young man 
who, crazed by the death of his sweet- 
heart, raved that she had fled away to 
this lonely lake, and wandering into its 
silent morasses in search of her, was 
himself lost. 

" They made her a grave too deep and damp 
For a heart so warm and true, 
And she fled away to the Dismal Swamp 
Where all night long by a fire-fly lamp 
She paddles her white canoe." 

The country beyond this is a " sym- 
phony in green and gray " — green fields 
and gray soil — until we come to 
PETERSBURG. 
This city is 81 miles from Norfolk, 
and has a Colonial and Civil history in- 
ferior in interest to that of no city in the 
South. The train passes almost under 
the ivy -grown walls of old Blanford 
Church, built of brick brought over 
from England in 1759. 
" What an image of peace and rest 

Is this quiet little church among its graves 1 
All is so quiet ; the troubled breast, 
The wounded spirit, the heart oppressed 
Here may find the repose it craves." 

Not far from Blanford Church, and in 
strange contrast, is the historic " crater," 
where was fought one of the bloodiest 
battles of the Civil War. Everywhere 
as you approach the city, are to be seen 
the earthworks, now covered with green 
grass, once tramped over by contending 
armies. The city is situated at the head 
of navigation on the Appomattox River, 
through which she has entrance into 
the James> and thence to Norfolk ; she 
has a line of railroad to City Point, also 
on the James River, where she reaches 
deeper water than is at her own wharves. 




A GLIMPSE OF PETERSBURG. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



2 9 




BLANFORD CHURCH. 



The streets are beautifully shaded with 
fine trees, the residences are embowered 
in shrubbery and the social standing of 
the city is decidedly aristocratic. 

Six cotton factories, more than fifty 
tobacco factories and numerous other 
enterprises betoken a thrift and business 
energy. The Petersburg and Weldon 
R. R. crosses the Norfolk and Western 




THE JAMES NEAR CITY POINT. 



here, connecting the city with Richmond 
on the one side, and the interior of 
North Carolina on the other. 

From Petersburg the road rises rapid- 
ly toward the mountains, and at 

BURKEVILLE, 

the crossing of the R. & D. R. R. , is at an 
elevation of 527 feet. This embryo city 
lies in a fertile section, has a hotel and 
Summer cottages, and bids fair to take 
rank in the world both for its business 
and pleasure advantages. Between this 
place and Farmville, is the long iron 
bridge built across a mile-wide valley. 
A little stream runs under the bridge, 
and tries to look as important as if this 
mighty structure had been built in 
consequence of its own dignity. 

FARMVILLE 

centres a large section of tobacco and 
grain farms. It is a thrifty, healthy 
place, where are located a female col- 
lege and two theological seminaries 
(Hampden Sidney College and the 
Union Theological). We pass not far 
from Appomattox Court House, world 
renowned as the place where the Con- 
federate flag went down forever before 
the colors of the Union. Still up 
grade from Farmville, we enter the 
James River valley, and skirting the 
banks of that lovely stream, cross it to 
the Union Depot at 



30 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 









LYNCHBURG. 
Here is one of the most progressive and 
prosperous cities in the South. It has 
every advantage to take rank with the 
most favored centres of trade in this 
country. The R. & A. R. R., the Va. 
Midland R. R., and the Norfolk and 
Western R. R. centre here. It lies in 
the midst of a fine farming and grazing 
country, surrounded by hills rich in 
minerals and ores ; it has two iron fur- 
naces, sixty tobacco factories, several 
machine shops and lumber and flouring 



and shuts out the view only when the 
eye pauses at the dropping horizon. 

From Lynchburg westward, the Nor- 
folk and Western R. R. yields to none in 
its claim for beautiful scenery and its 
boast of rich territory. From the win- 
dows of the cars the first claim is verified, 
and the latter is substantiated at every 
turn and angle of valley and hill. 

We sweep along through fair meadows, 
green valleys, by orchard and woodland, 
through fields of corn and patches of 
tobacco: we see the ' ' mica flakes " in 




FARM LIFE NEAR LYNCHBURG. 



mills. Its hotefs are spacious and well 
kept ; its streets paved ; its residences 
handsome ; its climate unsurpassed, and 
its scenic attractions absolutely enchant- 
ing. It is literally the city of hills, from 
the tops of which are to be seen some of 
the most charming views. Opposite are 
the bold cliffs of the James ; far to the 
east the river loses itself in green 
meadows, and behind dim woodlands ; 
out in the westward the blue hills climb 
skyward, and the famous peaks of Otter 
prop up the feathery clouds ; southward 
the panorama opens with a glint of 
glory on wooded hills and misty valleys, 



the railroad cuts, notice the red iron 
stain on the hills ; we scare the fat 
cattle in the lowlands, and waken up the 
well-to-do farmers from their siesta under 
the shade trees. 

We pass by Forest Depot and put off 
some visitors for the Bedford Iron and 
Alum Springs, and, at Liberty, we un- 
load an excursion party for the Peaks of 
Otter, that are only a few miles out to 
the right, and in charming view from the 
train. 

We go along like a hurricane under 
the shadow of the Blue Ridge, and pull 
up for a moment at Buford's Depot ; 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



31 




THE JAMES, BELOW LYNCHBURG. 



thence we whirl away amid rocks and 
hills, and chestnut groves, till we stop at 
the 

BLUE RIDGE SPRINGS. 

This resort is on the 
very summit of the Blue 
Ridge Mountain, and is 
a favorite stopping place 
for visitors from the East 
and West. The delight- 
ful temperature, grandeur 
of mountain scenery, pu- 
rity of the air and medi- 
cinal virtue of the water 
make this a charming 
place to sojourn during 
the Summer. Although 
but a recent aspirant for 
public favor, it has already 
taken rank with the older 
Summer resorts, and the 
bottled water is shipped 
to all parts of the Union, 
bestowing its blesings on 
those who are unable to 
leave their homes. The 
tourist from Norfolk and 
Richmond comes here to 
meet his friends from 
Tennessee, Alabama and 
Georgia. 

Bonsacks comes next 
in our way, and the train 
is emptied of a part of its 
living freight, who "de- 



bark " upon a wide platform within 200 
yards of " Coyners White and Black 
Sulphur Springs. " 

Fincastle, fourteen miles west, is a 




IN THE GAP OF THE PEAKS OF OTTER. 



32 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




BLUE RIDGE SPRINGS. 



pretty town, surrounded by a v lovely 
country, and temptingly inviting as a 
Summer resort, whereat one may see 
something besides woods and rocks. 

Gish's Depot lies in our way, and we 
take in its visible charms of shaded lawns, 
open meadows, gardens and orchards, 
fishing streams and woodland rambles as 
we hurry along to 

ROANOKE. 

At this city the Shenandoah Valley road 
from Hagerstown, Md., comes to join 
the Norfolk and Western. Here I met 
my friend, Dr. N., who came from New 
York over the Shenandoah route, and 
who, having detailed the charms and ad- 
vantages of Roanoke in his journal, ex- 
cused me from the pleasing task . Join- 
ing me at this point, we continued our 
journey toward Bristol, to the rendezvous 
of other congenial friends. 

Sixty miles from Lynchburg we passed 
the city of 

SALEM. 

The place is beautifully situated in the 
midst of a charming valley, watered by 
the Roanoke River ; back of it the moun- 
tains rise in wooded grandeur, and the 



white walls of the city, with the church 
steeples, and college dome stand out in 
picturesque relief against them. Roanoke 
College, under patronage of the Lutheran 
Church, has a fine building and spacious 
grounds. Near by are the Hollins' 
Female Institute, the Botetourt Springs 
and the famous Red Sulphur Springs. 
The city has many pretty residences, 
some fine hotels, and is both a Summer 
resort and a thriving business town. 

Within the next twenty miles west of 
Salem we pass 

Big Springs Depot, 
at the base of the Alleghany Mountain, 
amid wild and picturesque scenery ; and 

Shawsville Depot, 
which is near the well-known Alleghany 
Spring, whose magnificent hotel will ac- 
commodate 700 guests, and, whose at- 
tractive situation and medicinal waters, 
make it popular and prosperous. 

Big Tunnel is near the summit of the 
Alleghany Mountains, and out in its 
beautiful nest, only a mile from the 
road, sits the famous Montgomery White 
Sulphur Springs. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



33 




THE ROANOKE VALLEY. 



Yellow Sulphur Springs and Blacks- 
burg Agricultural College are reached 
from Christiansburg Depot, and a 
splendid country lies in every direction 
around it. 

Central Station marks the half-way 
point between Lynchburg and Bristol, 
and looks important and business-like, 
with its extensive railroad shops and 
round-house. One mile west is 

New River Station, 

situated on the New River, a stream noted 
for its charming scenery as well as for its 



own peculiar beauty. Branching out 
from the main track at this place, and 
climbing along the precipices and wooded 
knolls that overlook the river, is a 
railroad to the heart of the wonderful 
ore beds and coal fields about Pocahon- 
tas, in West Virginia. Along this track 
can be seen most magnificent mountain 
views, and the foaming river, not only 
awakens the loftiest imagination, but 
offers to the pleasure seeker more sub- 
stantial enjoyment ; there are wide ex- 
panses, where the canoe can glide ; deep 
falls, where the air is kept cool and in- 




THE ROANOKE RIVER AT SALEM. 






34 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




THE MOUNTAIN SLOPES OF NEW RIVER. 

vigorating ; dashing rapids, where the 
trout hide. 

The coal and iron cars that will soon 
crowd this road can never detract from 
those charms that nature has here secured 
for the tourist. 

By this line are opened new routes to 
the noted Virginia sanitariums — Moun- 
tain Lake, Eggleston Springs and the 
famous Red Sulphur Springs ; and, while 
a first cause for construction was tnat easy 
access might be had to the marvelous 
mineral wealth of the section traversed, 
yet it is certain that no less fame will at- 
tach to the romantic scenery, abounding 
everywhere along the route, than to the 
other Virginia resorts embalmed in song 
and story. 



DUBLIN 
is not in the Emerald Isle, but in an 
emerald valley, where, amid peace and 
plenty, her prosperous inhabitants look 
out over the fat cattle upon a " thousand 
hills," and fear neither famine or oppres- 
sion. 

MARTIN'S DEPOT 
owes its place in fame to the lovely valley 
around it ; the proximity to it of the 
Bertha Zinc Works ; of the great coal 
basin in Pulaski County ; of the vast cop- 
per and iron fields south of it, and to the 
iron furnaces in its limits. This is quite 
enough for one place, but Martin's thrifty 
people wish still more, so full of business 
are they. 

MAX MEADOWS 
is the centre of the grazing district of 
Southwest Virginia, and presents to the 
eye of the visitor a lovely pastoral land- 
scape, embellished with beautiful foliage 
and velvety fields. Groups of fine, 
healthy cattle are scattered about, shad- 
ing themselves under the trees or nip- 
ping the succulent grass. The river here 
is broad and clear, mirroring in its pla- 
cid breast the verdure-bordered banks, 
to whose sides the railway confidingly 
clings. Amid the gently sloping hills, 
this little meadow-town looks quietly 
out on the world ; and the busy men, 
who handle great loads of iron and great 
bags of shot, from the iron and lead 
mines near, do not seem to realize that 
a scribe is taking note of them, and that 
posterity will read of their enterprise in 
type of emulating character. 




THE GRAZING DISTRICTS AROUND MAX MEADOWS. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



35 




Wytheville Depot 

is, unhappily for the tourist, in the sub- 
urbs of the beautiful little city. He can 
only look longingly toward its broad 
paved streets, shaded with green trees, 
and note the air of respectability and 
comfort that pervades its tasteful resi- 
dences. The business of the city is 
thriving, and its inhabitants are as pleas- 
ing in manner as their little city is at- 
tractive. 

This is a noted resort for Southern 
families, and the inducements for them 
to come are tamely put, even when you 
enumerate a fine alum, sulphur and iron 
spring, a delicious climate, a healthful 
region and beautiful scenery. 

RURAL RETREAT, 

the highest point on the N. & W. R. R. , 
is in a beautiful country, amid grand 
mountain scenery. We sniff the thin 
mountain air, wave our hats, metaphor- 
ically, and dash down past Atkins' Switch, 
by pretty farms and substantial farm 
houses, to 

Marion Depot. 

Here we are in the suburbs of a pleas- 
ant little town surrounded by mountains 
half a hundred miles from Bristol. The 



middle fork of the Holston River runs 
by the town, and the waters are full of 
fish. A female college and a boys' high 
school are located here, and the place 
does a large business in consequence of 
the nearness of great iron fields and 
copper mines. 

GLADE SPRINGS 

is a little village from which the tourist 
can reach many places of interest. 
Washington Springs nestles among the 
hills two miles away. The Seven 
Springs, noted for the ' ' Seven Springs 
Iron and Alum Mass," are two miles 
out in another direction. White Top 
Mountain, noted for its bears and 
speckled trout, looks from a distance 
down on the village streets. 

From this place a branch road, ten 
miles long, leads out to Saltville, where 
are found inexhaustible supplies of salt 
and plaster. The salt springs, from which 
the former is made, are in the centre of a 
natural basin two miles in diameter, and 
one of the loveliest spots in the State. 
During the Civil War these springs fur- 
nished the larger part of the Confederate 
supply, and several bloody battles were 
fought for their possession. 

Nature has done a great deal for the 
Old Dominion, but with characteristic 



36 VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 




WHITE TOP MOUNTAIN— FROM GLADE SPRINGS 



energy these southwestern Virginians 
have had to "have a hand in it." They 
have put churches in the groves, mills 
on the streams, barns in the valleys, 
colleges on the hills. They have not 
always improved upon Nature's work, 
but in many instances they have not 
marred it. Here, two miles from Glade 
Springs, is a pretty valley with a high 
hill in the centre, and on the top of this, 
as if to proclaim to the world the appro- 
priateness of its motto : 

"Mens sana, incorpore sano," 
Emory and Henry College is built. 
Ten miles further on the train skirts the 
town of 

ABINGDON. 

Here are several female colleges, much 
patronized by rich Southern families, 
and ably conducted by chosen profes- 
sors. The town has 2,000 inhabitants 



and does a prosperous business. Pretty 
girls are seen in the college yards, and 
ruddy boys with a decidedly Emory air 
were prowling about the gates. 

From Abingdon to Bristol the road 
keeps in the very track of a fine valley. 
Only one who travels the line can ap- 
preciate its charms. Nearing the Ten- 
nessee border, you are filled with a 
feeling of melancholy that so soon a 
delightful journey through the grand 
old State must end. The train slows 
down at the depot — the bustle of another 
city grates upon ears so lately tuned to 
the melodies of mountain and valley — 
the cars are deserted, and our deal 
friends, headed by the "beloved dom- 
inie," greet us at Bristol. 

" A gold and purple sunset 

Flowed down the broad Moselle ; 

On hills of vine and meadow lands 
The peace of twilight fell." 




FROM HEAT OF SUMMER'S SUN TO HOMES ON 

MOUNTAIN HEIGHTS. 

Over the Georgia Division of the East Tennessee, Virginia 

and Georgia Railroad from Jacksonville, Fla., 

to Dalton, Ga. 



While at Jacksonville, Florida, where I was briefly sojourn- 
ing after a Winter idling in the "Land of Flowers," I received 
the following note from my old college chum, Dr. N. : 

My Dear Paul : Tom is now in New Orleans, Charlie is in Memphis, 
and I am in New York. As we are all to meet soon in Virginia, suppose we 
keep a record of our respective journeys and compare notes when we meet. 

Verb. sap. Aff. yours, N. 

It must be known that I am a divinity student, hoping some 
day to be the incumbent of a quiet little parish ; Tom is a rising 
young lawyer ; Charlie is a merchant with ample time to travel, and 
N. is a doctor with a clear conscience (having as yet had no practice). 

We were all under engagement to meet in Virginia, where I had hope of 
"a call," and the others had anticipations of many things equally pleasing to 
their individual tastes. 



VIA 
Brunswick, 
Jesup. 
Eastman, 
Hawkinsville, 
Macon, 

Indian Springs, 
Atlanta, 
Rome. 



38 






VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



Promptly I sat down and wrote : 

ENTRY I. 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Tremendous big hotels, crowds of 
people arriving by incoming steamers — 
rushing to departing trains — sauntering 
lazily along the shaded streets, welcomed 
by odors of the orange, the jasmine and 
the rose, or idly lounging on broad 
piazzas, a typical existence of tropical 
warmth and Summer leisure ; singular 
enough as many from the Mississippi 
water sheds, as from the slopes of the 
Northeast Atlantic. What is more inter- 
esting to me, a large portion of them 
are going up through Virginia, along 
the marvelous table land that skirts 
the East Tennessee mountains, backs 
up the blue hills of the Old Dominion 
and spreads out into Maryland through 
the enchanted valley of the Shenandoah. 

ENTRY II. 

Col. B. T from Chicago, Mr. A., with 
two charming daughters, and myself, 
are off this morning on the Savan- 
nah, Florida and .Western Railway, for 
Jesup, where we will disembark and run 
down on the East Ten. , Va. & Ga. Rd. , 
to Brunswick, visit the famous sea islands 
along the coast, join a party from St. 
Mary's, Fla. , and then go North. 

Dungeness, Cumberland Island, off 
the Georgia Coast. 

Here we are, all safe, at the historic 
home of the old Revolutionary hero, 
Gen. Nathaniel Greene. If this lovely 
coast is not the future resort of thousands 
of Southern tourists seeking novelty as 
well as scenic beauty, it will be from lack 
of appreciation of what beggars descrip- 
tion. Embalmed in historic and tradi- 
tional romances ; the rendezvous of all 
the fishes and plumed birds of southern 
skies and seas ; wrapped in seething 
surf; fanned by delicious breezes ; easy 
of access and charming when reached, 
these sea islands of Cumberland, 
Jekyl, St. Simons and others offer great 
inducements for sport and recreation, 
and are put here by nature as ivory 
and green commas and semi-colons, 
in the flowing lines of travel from the 
South to the North. 



grave and heard the deep monotone of 
the Atlantic chant his funeral dirge. 
What a grand old Manor this was in 
Colonial days. Often the American war 
ships cast anchor in the Sound, and such 
men as Elton, Finch, Madison, Fitz- 
hugh and Richtie were landed at Dun- 
geness to meet their warrior brethren of 
army fame. This whole section is full of 
stories and legends of Indian and Span- 
ish invasion. These island sands, white 
now as snow, have been red with blood, 
and this glorious sunset, 

" Glinting gold along an emerald sea," 

lighted often, with pitying rays, the 
clashing of sword, whirl of tomahawk, 
and swift flight of the arrow and spear. 

It is pleasant 
to turn from 
thoughts of war 
to the quiet 
themes of peace. 
The Cotton Gin 
claims Cumber- 
land Island as 
the place of its 
nativity. Whit- 
ney, the invent- 
or, was a tutor 
at Dungeness ; 
marvelously in- 
genious, he was 
a great help to 
the " lady of the 
Manor" in "fix- 
ing" things that 
would get out of 
order. One 
morning at 
breakfast, when a 
number of gen- 
try were present, 
one of them said: 
"If we 
had ma- 
chinery 
to sepa- 



ENTRY III. 

Light Horse Harry Lee is buried at 
Dungeness ; we stood uncovered at his 




THE WATER SOURCES AMONG THE GEORGIA PINES 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



39 



rate the seed from the lint, cotton would 
be king indeed. " ' ' Mr. Whitney can in- 
vent it, " said the lady. The tutor was 
modest and declared his inability ; but 
after breakfast he hovered about the 
blacksmith shop, and soon the travail of 




THE BEACH AT BRUNSWICK. 

his brain took tangible shape in the 
model of all the cotton gins in the land. 

ENTRY IV. 

The party that came up the coast from 
St. Mary's declare it to have been the 
most delightful trip of their experience. 
Salt water, full sails, lovely islands, white 
beaches, green trees, and all that could 



make a pleasing excursion through his- 
toric waters and among charming scen- 
ery. 

BRUNSWICK. 
A gallant craft with a jolly skipper 
took our party over 23 miles of Bruns- 
wick Harbor and St. Simon's 
Sound to this city. Bruns- 
wick is the county town of 
Glynn County. It is situ- 
ated on the east bank of 
Turtle River, on a beauti- 
ful bluff of white sand ele- 
vated twelve feet above high 
water, and stretching up and 
down the river for a distance 
of two miles. It has a mag- 
nificent harbor, roomy and 
deep enough for a nation's 
fleet. Twenty-four feet of 
water on the bar, and width 
for a man-o-war to beat in 
with the wind ahead. This 
is the eastern terminus of the 
East Ten., Va. & Ga. Sys- 
tem of Railroads, 
which have wharves and 
deep water here, and to 
which are brought quanti- 
ties of naval stores for the 
many ocean ships that seek 
this port at all seasons of 
the year. 

ENTRY V. 

" Along the shelly beach, 
Where purple sun-tints toy 
With shimmering waves." 

I took a drive with Miss 
A. It was a splendid drive 
' 'along the beach at Bruns- 
wick town ;" afterwards we 
took the cars for the junc- 
tion of the E. T.& W. R.R. 
with our line, the E. T., Va. 
& Ga., at Jesup, and here, 
turning our faces northward, 
we enter the forest land of 
stately pines. 

En route for Cleveland, 
Tenn., the leading cities' 
stations to attract our no- 



tice are 



Eastman, 

Hawkinsville, 

Utacen, 

Indian Springs, 

Atlanta, 

Rome, 

Dalton. 



4Q 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



There are two ways to go North from 
Florida, one by way of Savannah, 
Charleston and the low lands of the 
Carolinas and Virginia ; the other over 
the E. T., Va. & Ga. R. R., both 
through Jesup ; the latter climbs up 
through the lovely park-like pine lands, 
through Macon, Atlanta and Rome, 
toward the mountains that form the 
backbone of Tennessee and Virginia. 
This route passes through some of the 
prettiest of Georgia villages, and affords 
a welcome variety of scenery to those 
spending the Winter season in a country 

"Without a towering mountain crest, 
Or a wood-crowned hill," 

and avoiding the monotony incident to 
homeward journeys on beaten paths, 
yields new views and pure atmosphere, 
as with each onward mile we go upward. 
From Jesup, over a well-ballasted 
road, and in luxurious cars, you grad- 
ually ascend toward the mountains of 
Northwest Georgia. The woods are 
free of undergrowth, the grounds car- 
peted with a fresh green grass, and the 
tall brown pines made vistas, far as the 
eye could reach, lovely as an English 
park and canopied like an emerald 
grotto. 

ENTRY VI. 

EASTMAN. v 

This is a pretty little town of 600 inhab- 
itants. A fine hotel stands in a park of 
10 acres, separated by the E. T., Va. & 
Ga. Railroad from the city plaza, in 
which is a $20,000 Court House, the 
gift of the late Wm. E. Dodge, of N. Y. , 
in whose honor the county is named. 
Numbers of homeward-bound Southern 
tourists ' ' stop over " here on their way 
to Northern and Western homes, await- 
ing the flight of Winter's chill from their 
own regions, and breathing here the 
balmy air, aromatic with the balsam 
of the pines and free from all unwhole- 
some dampness. There are many pretty 
cottages and villas, with lawns and gar- 
dens, terraces and shade trees. There 
is a fine school at this place, and the 
dear little church looks prettily and 
modestly forth from the green trees back 
on the avenue 

At Cochran Station a short railroad 
branches out to 

HAWKINSVILLE. 
How many pleasing scenes and charm- 
ing retreats are often just off the main 



line of travel. Mr. W. A. J., of the 
Hawkinsville News told me of the little 
city whence he came: "2,000 inhabi- 
tants ; stands on a high bluff over- 
looking the placid Ocmulgee River ; cen- 
tres a fertile section ; has good hotels, 
fine schools and a cultivated, hospitable 
people." He said, "Hawkinsville is 
the best ' lead ' in the Georgia ' case ' to 
'space,' a line from Florida to the 
North. " Not being a printer I possibly 
did not fairly comprehend, but think he 
meant that this was a good place to 
"stop over" on the way home. 

ENTRY VII. 

Miss A. is delighted with the changing 
scenery along the route. She says ' ' there 
is nothing so dull or monotonous as when 
you pass through a country like a ' Grego- 
rian chant' — all in flats. She sits next 
the window. I might have said a word 
about Gregorian music, for I shall intro- 
duce it in that prospective church ; but 
we were in sight of and rapidly approach- 
ing 

MACON, 

lying at the head of navigation on the 
Ocmulgee River, with 20,000 inhabi- 
tants, in the midst of one of the most 
fertile sections of the State. This beauti- 
ful city presents attractions to the tourist 
and business man unsurpassed by any 
city in the South. 

It has an extensive and rapidly increas- 
ing trade ; is an important railway cen- 
tre, and lies near the geographical centre 
of the State. There are here two large 
foundries and machine works, and many 
other representative industries, two cot- 
ton factories, flouring and planing mills. 

The Mercer University, the Pio Nono 
College, the Georgia Academy for the 
Blind and the Wesleyan Female College 
occupy handsome buildings. To the 
latter college Mr. George I. Seney, of 
Brooklyn, has recently given $125,000. 

The "Central City Park " is a charm- 
ing resort, with wide drives and shady 
walks, on the bank of the river. 

Beautiful Rose Hill Cemetery, second 
to none in natural loveliness, looks down 
upon the Ocmulgee from high bluffs, 
crowned with monumental marble. This 
city of the dead is half a mile above 
Macon and is justly regarded by tourists 
as among the loveliest cemeteries in the 
Union. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



41 



Vineville is a pleasant suburban re- 
treat, a mile from the city, noted for its 
pretty houses, gardens and lawns. Many 
Indian mounds are seen along the ro- 
mantic river banks, and an old Indian 
fort is a place of interest. 

But Macon has no attraction compar- 
able to that found in the charms of her 
cultivated and courteous society ; once 
under this influence you can never forget 
the Queen City of Central Georgia. 

ENTRY VIII. 

Going north from Macon to Atlanta, 
you have time to prepare for the surpris- 
ing contrast between the two cities. A 
contrast favorable to both, as serving to 
mark distinctive characteristics of each. 
One a typical Southern city, growing 
slowly but surely, its culture, business, 
public buildings and institutions keeping 
steady and equal pace ; the other new, 
vigorous, alert, looking not backward, 
but ever onward, and assuring itself of 
all the conditions essential to a prosper- 
ous future. 

ATLANTA. 

In 1842 there were not more than 
half a dozen houses where Atlanta now 
stands. In 1847 the city was incor- 
porated, with a population of five hun- 
dred. In i860 it had ten thousand 
souls. In 1864 it was almost totally 
destroyed by fire. In 1880 it had a 
population of 40,000, and perhaps, now 
45,000. To the eye of the visitor the 
city has a new and eminently modern 
appearance. 

It has some of the finest business 
houses and public buildings in the 
Union ; has many handsome residences 
scattered along ranges of pretty hills, 
and is blessed with first-class hotels and 
a Grand Central Depot. 

It is said that Atlanta has more than 
forty churches, is doing more than sixty- 
five million dollars of business and re- 
ceives over a hundred thousand bales 
of cotton yearly. 

Here are many places of interest in 
and near the city, and the visitor can 
choose, as a means to reach them, be- 
tween comfortable street cars and the 
universal "hack." 

Extensive lines of railway reach out 
from Atlanta in every direction, bring- 
ing in trade from all sections of Georgia 
and the South. 



ENTRY IX. 

The E. T., V. & Ga. R. R. has, within 
a year, completed and equipped a line 
of railway from Atlanta to Rome. This 
road runs through a beautiful and fertile 
section, once the home of the famous 
Cherokee Tribe of Indians, and roman- 
tic as the territory whence came the 
charming legend of the "Cherokee 
Rose." 

ROME 
is an enterprising little city, containing, 
with its suburbs, between seven and eight 
thousand inhabitants. One seldom sees 
prettier scenery than that which meets 
the eye from the top of Myrtle Hill. 
Just at its base the Etowah and Oostew- 
nala unite their streams and roll their 
mingled waters as the Coosa toward the 
sea. At the junction of these rivers 
lies the pretty city, with fair homes, good 
hotels, first-class stores, excellent schools 
and that charming little church, mine in 
dreams, alas ! in dreams alone. 

To-morrow, "Tom" will join me 
here, and together, we will climb up the 
table land toward Dalton and Cleveland. 

Tom came in on time, out of Alabama, 
over the Alabama Division of the East 
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Rail- 
road from Meridian, Miss., which point 
is the southwestern terminus of this rail- 
way system, which stretches its iron arm 
from Hagerstown Md., to Cleveland, 
Tenn. ; and from thence its steel fingers 
to Memphis in the west, to Meridian in 
the southwest, to Brunswick and Jack- 
sonville in the southeast. Together we 
sped onward through the picturesque 
mountain region of Northwest Georgia. 
This is one of the loveliest sections of 
the State, and being comparatively a terra 
incognita to tourists, is worthy a fuller 
description than my journal can give. 

Rapidly we climbed up among the 
hills, whose tree -crowned tops were 
glowing in the rich morning sun, and 
whence came the delightful, invigorating 
breezes that make this section famous as 
a pleasure and health resort. Passing 
through lovely valleys, along dashing 
streams, by healthy villages, we swung 
into the enterprising town of 

DALTON. 
The original name of this place was 
Cross Plains ; but it was changed in 1846 
to Dalton, in honor of a Vermont gen- 
tleman of that name. It is situated in 



42 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 




THE PLATEAU AT CLEVELAND, TENN. 



the rich valley of the Connesauga River. 
Near by are several of the celebrated 
mineral springs. The famous Cohuttah 
Springs, and the no-less noted Catoosa, 
bubble up their .health -giving waters 
amid wild and picturesque scenery. 

Dalton is a growing place and boasts 
of about 3, 500 inhabitants. It does a 
business of more than a million dollars ; 
has seven prosperous churches, two col- 
leges and two fine hotels. Board is 
obtained at reasonable figures and the 
living good. The place is an exceed- 
ingly attractive one. 



We pushed on — through Cohuttah, 
Varnells, State Line, Blue Spring — to 

CLEVELAND, TENN., 
where — well up on the magnificent pla- 
teau, rising alongside the finest mountain 
ranges east of the Mississippi — we waited 
the coming of our companions from 
Memphis and the Southwest. 

Here will we rest until Tom and 
Charlie have read their journals ; then 
together we will speed northward toward 
the Old Dominion. 



FROM MEMPHIS TO CLEVELAND, TENN., 

Along the Memphis and Charleston Railroad Division of the 
East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Road. 



VIA 
Grand Junction, 
Corinth, 
Tuscumbia, 
Florence, 
Iuka, 
Decatur, 
Huntsville, 
Stevenson, 
Chattanooga. 



Memphis, on the 
east bank of the Mis- 
sissippi River, is the 
chief city of Western 
Tennessee. Its streets 
are broad, regular 
and lined with hand- 
some buildings. In 
'the centre of the city- 
is an exquisite little 
park, filled with delicate foliage, the 
home of numberless tame squirrels, and 
the resort of well-dressed ladies and 
pretty babies. Since the epidemic of 
yellow fever in 1878 the City Govern- 
ment has sought, and secured perfect 
drainage and cleanliness, and the death 
rate is no higher than that of any city in 
the valley of the Mississippi. 

Eastward, through the Tennessee 
valley, runs the Memphis & Charleston 
Railroad, now under lease to the East 
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia system, 
under whose management Memphis is 
put in direct communication with Nor- 
folk in Virginia, to whose deep water 
she sends annually many thousands of 
cotton bales for transportation up the 
coast, and across the Atlantic. 

AT GRAND JUNCTION, 

the M. & C. R. R. crosses the Chicago,' 
St. Louis and New Orleans road, and 
dips toward the south to pass into and 
through the extreme northeast corner of 
Mississippi. 

CORINTH 

is the junction of the line with the M. 
& O. R. R. It is a place of importance, 
having good hotels, pleasant society and 
a prosperous business. One hundred 
and fifteen miles from Memphis, and 
not far from the point where the road 
crosses into North Alabama, is 

IUKA STATION, 

A hospitable little town of 1.000 
souls. It is noted for the fine iron and 



sulphur springs, which are convenient- 
ly located in a shady grove adorned with 
pleasant walks, rustic seats and the mod- 
ern "et ceteras" of a popular resort. 
Iron and sulphur predominate, but other 
medicinal properties are to be found. 
The waters are cold and agreeable to the 
taste. Remarkable cures have been 
effected. The waters are so well known 
and appreciated, that they are shipped 
to various points. 

The hotel and grounds have, by their 
present owner, been remodeled, refitted, 
and made first-class in every respect. A 
number of neat cottages added. Bath 
rooms, bowling alley, billiards, etc. 

Taking the Tennessee State line as 
the "string," the M. & C. R. R. forms 
a graceful "bow" entirely across the 
Northern portion of Alabama. Gradu- 
ally and gracefully it curves from its en- 
trance in the northwest to its exit in the 
northeast, the arch being equi-distant 
from these points. There are some 
handsome and thriving towns along this 
bow ; and the Tennessee River, with its 
beautiful valley, join with vast stretches 
of forest, grand mountains, noisy rapids 
and plunging waterfalls to excite the im- 
agination, kindle the fancy and feed the 
curiosity of the tourist who is so fortu- 
nate as to travel over the line. 

TUSCUMBIA, 

with its miraculous spring, sits quietly 
upon the line of travel and invites to 
rest or recreation. This spring is noted 
as the largest in the South ; it discharges 
17,000 cubic feet of clear cold water 
every minute. Five miles away from 
Tuscumbia is the pretty town, Florence, 
the site of two flourishing colleges and 
the home of great cotton-spinning estab- 
lishments. 

BAILEY SPRINGS, ALA., 

is situated in Lauderdale County, Ala., 
nine miles from Florence. These well- 
known springs are five in number, viz. : 



44 



VIRGINIA TENNESSEE AND 






rock, brick, alum, soda and freestone, 
all having different medicinal virtues. 

The rock and the brick springs are 
those that have achieved a world-wide 



eruptions of the skin and chronic sore 
eyes. For most diseases of the kidneys 
they are considered a specific. 

The accommodations at Bailey are 




THE SCENERY NEAR MEMPHIS. 



reputation in the cure of certain diseases, 
foremost among which are dropsy, scrof- 
ula and dyspepsia. They are also won- 
derfully beneficial in cases of nervous 
debility, anaemia, female weaknesses, 



ample for three hundred guests, and are 
first-class in character and appointments. 
The proprietors provide abundantly for 
the amusement and entertainment of 
their visitors in the way of ten pins, bil- 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



45 



liards, music, archery, and a well-served 
ballroom and parlor. A beautiful little 
river, known as Shoal Creek, brawls 
along its rocky bed, within half a mile, 
affording abundant sport to those who 
know how to fish for black bass. 

The table is supplied with the best of 
country fare, including wine and gsapes 
from the large vineyards of the pro- 
prietors. 

Daily mails, prompt transmission of 
telegrams, easy coaching, pleasure boats 
and good horses and buggies are pro- 
vided. Terms to suit the times. 



sent a green-coated vidette, "Monte 
Sano," to overlook the town. The 
"Reports" make Huntsville the second 
healthiest military post in the U. S. A 
big spring bursts out of a rock bluff, 70 
feet high, and supplies the city with water 
60* degrees Fahr. , cold. Here are two 
female colleges, large public schools and 
and a colored Normal College. Five, 
turnpike roads lead into the surrounding 
country, which is rich in farming lands 
and attractive in mountain scenery. 

Charming indeed, is the scenery, as 
whirling past pretty towns, big planta- 




LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 



The "arrow notch" of this great rail- 
road "bow" is 

DECATUR, 

where the L. & N. R. R. crosses our 
track, and where the " shoally Tennes- 
see " sings in soft love notes to the mod- 
est rock-flower^ or growls in angry bass 
against its banks, and high up against 
the spanning bridge. 

HUNTSVILLE, 

with 6,000 inhapitants, is beautifully 
situated at the base of the Cumberland 
Mountains, which picturesque range has 



tions, green valleys and shaggy moun- 
tains, the train climbs up the grade 
toward its exit into Tennessee. 

AT STEVENSON'S 

the Nashville & Chat. R. R. comes in 
search of a passage through the appar- 
ently impassable mountains. The beauty 
of the great mountain ranges here is 
indescribable. Everywhere nature has 
thrown out barriers, and barred with a 
hundred mountains the entrance to her 
favorite retreats. 

Up the Tennessee valley, the "garden 
spot " of the South, feasting your eyes 



4 6 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



upon the natural loveliness around, 
breathing a balmy air, listening to the 
chant of waterfalls and at peace with all 
the world, you hurry on to where three 
States shake hands across their borders. 
At (Gray's?) Station you say " good- 
by " to Alabama, " bow " to Georgia and 
' ' how-de-do " to Tennessee. 

CHATTANOOGA, TENN., 

is the eastern terminus of the M. & C. 
Div. as well as the western terminus of 
the E. T., V. & Ga. R. R. It has a 
population of 15,000 people, and is 
growing as if to be great was its only 
mission in life. The natural gateway of 
the South, it centres five trunk lines of 



"Lookout" Mountain, or from the 
humbler "Mission Ridge," upon the 
lovely valley with its majestic river and 
lordly ledges, one cannot repress a fact 
that some day all these natural beauties 
will be hidden under the smoke from 
the many furnaces which will be erected 
in honor of the "iron god." For it is 
to be a city of rolling mills and foun- 
dries, giant in its traffic, and inhabited 
by thousands of hard-handed, brawny- 
armed artisans. There is hardly a 
county in Eastern Tennessee where the 
resources to naturally make Chattanooga 
a commercial centre do not abound. 
No city in the Union presents at once 
greater attractions to the business man 




VIEW FROM LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 



rails, lies in the very midst of rich coal 
and iron beds, has an immense naviga- 
ble river at its feet, and defies competi- 
tion with any city of its size in the 
land. Operating as the distributing 
point for the whole river-valley, and, in- 
deed, for the far South, the city crowds 
her storehouses yearly with corn, wheat 
and bacon, brought hundreds of miles 
from Kentucky, Virginia and North Car- 
olina. All through the season the river 
is crowded with rustic craft of all kinds ; 
and the jolly raftsmen who have been for 
months in the forests, and have drifted 
down stream on broad platforms of pine 
logs, make merry in highways and by- 
ways. The surroundings of Chattanooga 
are of the most romantic beauty, and in 
gazing down from the world-renowned 



and tourist than does Chattanooga. To 
the former it is the future home of mar- 
velous industry and great wealth ; to the 
latter it is the charming centre, from 
which in every direction, and within easy 
reach, are the most beautiful and attrac- 
tive natural scenery and phenomena. 

Lookout Mountain, towering 2,600 
feet above the river, rises in majestic 
grandeur a few miles southwest of the 
city. It was on its steep and rugged 
declivity, fronting the city, that was 
fought the "Battle among the Clouds." 

Our view from Lookout was an aus- 
picious one. Before us lay the delicious 
expanse of valley with all its adornments, 
and the winding Tennessee, freshened by 
a gentle breeze, glistened like a huge 
necklace of diamonds in the sunlight. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



47 




MISSION RIDGE. 



Beyond, northward and westward, were 
the forest ridges, where the mountains 
seemed to have been split asunder by 
some convulsion of nature. Southward, 
past broad and quiet vales, richly culti- 
vated, were the tree-crested ranges of 
Georgia. 

An unexplored cavern, deep under 
the hills ; the famous "Blowing Spring;" 
silvery " Lula Lake " with its veil of 
sheeny waterfalls; "Rock City" with 
its giant statues, sculptured by the storms 
and lightnings ; hundreds of mossy 
dells, leaping cascades and fretful moun- 



tain streams, invite the adventurous 
tourist, with stout "Alpine stock " and 
steady nerves, while they charm those 
less eager or less able to strive with na- 
ture for the secrets she has locked and 
guarded in mountain fastnesses and rag- 
ged dells. 

Leaving Chattanooga, we pass under 
Mission Ridge, follow the windings 
of picturesque Chicamauga Creek, and 
pursuing our journey, come at last to 
where, amid wild mountain scenery, and 
beside clear mountain streams, lies the 
little city of Cleveland. 



FROM MERIDIAN, MISS., TO DALTON, GA., 

Over the Alabama Division of the East Tennessee, Virginia 
and Georgia Railroad. 



VIA 
Demopolis, 
Marion Junction 
Selma, 
Montevallo, 
Calera, 

Shelby Springs, 
Talladega, 
Oxford, 
Anniston, 
Jacksonville, 
Cave Springs, 
Rome, 
Dalton. 



, on my way 
I was briefly 



The things to be considered between two points of railway 
travel are, ''the most direct route" and " the most attractive 
scenery." 

Even the business man, hurrying across a given territory, 
will have consideration for the latter claim, and the tourist can- 
not resist the appeal of the former. 

The Alabama Division of the East Tennessee, Virginia 
and Georgia offered both inducements to me when 
to meet friends in the Tennessee Mountains, 
sojourning in 

MERIDIAN, MISS. 
This city, the Southeastern terminus of the above-named 
"~ " railway system, is a stirring business place, and the centre of 

numerous railroads. Southward from this point are Mobile, New Orleans and 
Galveston ; westward are Jackson, Vicksburg and the Mississippi Valley towns ; 
northward are the sections of Western Tennessee and Ohio. The county, of which 
Meridian is the county town, joins Alabama ; through which State, across the cotton 
belt and the mineral section, run the railways once known as the Selma & Meridian 
and Selma, Rome & Dalton, now united under the management of the E. Tenn., 
Va. & Ga. system 

DEMOPOLIS, 

Situated upon a high limestoW bluff, overlooks the "Tombigbee" River and 
holds direct steamboat connection with Mobile. It is a pleasant little town on the 

edge of the great "cane-brake" section of 
the State, and, being the natural outlet for 
much of this fertile region, it ships great 
quantities of cotton bales by river and by 
rail. 

The soil of the Alabama cotton belt is in- 
exhaustibly rich. With anything like decent 
cultivation it will grow corn and cotton as 
long as will the soil of Egypt. Nearly a 
million bales, or one-fifth of the whole crop 
of cotton for the United States, was produced 
in this State in the year 1880. 

The vast cotton plantations, spreading out 
on every side, present a curious interest to 
one accustomed to the small, well-cultivated 
fields of the North and East. The picturesque 
"rail-fence," covered with twining " morning 
glories," wet in the early dew; the distant 
"manor house," embowered in groves of oak 
and hickory ; the long line of cabins, with 
their patches of garden and ornaments of 
glowing "sunflowers" — constitute a picture 
seen only in this far Southern land. 

MARION JUNCTION, 
A pleasant little town, has a branch road 
the crescent city. running out to Greensboro. This is a pretty 




VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



49 



inland city with good society, fine schools 
and a well-supported college. All these 
cane-brake towns were settled by rich 
planters, and were the abodes of much 
refinement and luxury. Many of them 
are now stirring, active, business cen- 
tres, with handsome residences, good 
churches, and universally fine schools. 



establishments, and excellent commer- 
cial facilities ; two cotton presses, oil 
mill, cotton factory, and excellent public 
schools. It has many elegant resi- 
dences, good hotels, handsome churches, 
and does a splendid business. 

The typical Southern city home is 
seen here. Large two-story houses, 




ON THE ROAD TO CALERA. 



SELMA. 

This city, the centre of a large corn 
and cotton section, has five lines of 
railway and ten thousand inhabitants, 
and is situated on a beautiful plateau of 
the north bank of the Alabama river, 
two hundred miles above Mobile. It is 
eligibly located where the healthy pine 
region touches the eastern part of the 
black cotton lands. It receives annu- 
ally about one hundred thousand bales 
of cotton. It has several manufacturing 



with wide hall ways, and broad verandahs, 
set well back in large yards filbd with 
shrubs and flowers. The kitchen, ser- 
vants' quarters, stables, and "chicken 
house," occupy separate portions of the 
whole square devoted to the uses of one 
family residence. 

The River System of Alabama 
is one of the noblest on the continent, 
it comprehends the Tennessee, the Ala- 
bama, the Tombigbee, the Black War- 
rior, the Coosa and their tributaries. 



50 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




AN ALABAMA COTTON FIELD. 

The interior of the State has easy out- 
let through these waters, with the deep 
waters on the Gulf. 

The Alabama river at Selma is the 
western boundary of the black cotton 
belt, and the eastern line of the im- 
mense pine sections that stretch away 
toward Georgia. 

The railroad perceptibly ascends 
toward 

CALERA, v 

the junction of the E. Tenn., Va. & Ga. 
system, with the L. & N. R. R. The 
great coal fields of the State, underlying 
vast sections of her' territory, begin to 
crop out along the line. Mineral springs 
are found nestling among the hills, ad- 
vance guards to the main army of health 
resorts that bivouac higher north among 
the mountains. 

SHELBY SPRINGS, 

an old-time watering place, with many 
natural attractions, is passed after we 
leave Calera. Once a famous resort, it 
even now claims an honorable respect 
for past memories and present worth. 

TALLADEGA, 

an interesting town of 2,000 inhabitants, 
is finely situated in a charming valley of 
that name, among the spurs of the Blue 
Mountains. It has a large female col- 
lege, and is the site of the State Institute 
for the deaf, dumb and blind. 

In its immediate vicinity are several 
celebrated watering places. 



The Coosa or Talledega Springs, 
at the base of the Hillobee Mountains. 

The Shocco Springs, almost in sight 
of the town. 

The Chandler Springs, twelve miles 
away. These attractive resorts are en- 
livened during the Summer by the pres- 
ence of many Southern families, who do 
not choose to go further north to seek 
what they have in their own beautiful 
land. 

Beautiful Blue Mountain, with its 
clear rippling streams, its sun-kissed 
peaks, its lovely valleys and wooded foot- 
hills, bounds the horizon and melts into 
green meadows at your feet. Chocco- 
locco Valley wears, as a pretty pin upon 
its bosom, the little town of 

OXFORD, 

where is a fine college and several manu- 
facturing establishments. 

About one hundred and thirty miles 
from Selma, in the very heart of the coal 
and iron section of the State, is 

ANNISTON, 

founded "by the Woodstock Iron Com- 
pany in 1872 —a marvel of beauty and 
order. The buildings are symmetrical 
and permanent, streets well graded and 
broad, sidewalks shaded and ornamented 
with water oaks. The two iron furnaces 
are each of six thousand tons capacity, 
and have been worked since 1872. It 
has a cotton factory of five thousand 
spindles and one hundred and sixty 
looms — a magnificent fire-proof structure 
of three and one-half stories. The town 
has first-class flour mills and excellent 
waterworks, all the property of the Wood- 
stock Iron Company. The palatial resi- 
dences of its officers, handsome cottages 
for employes and substantial business 
houses bear testimony to the pluck and 
genius of its founders and the judicious 
investment of their capital. 

JACKSONVILLE 

is an attractive town, situated on the slope 
of the Blue Mountain, amid grand and 
picturesque scenery. This is one of the 
healthiest spots in North Alabama, with 
divers mineral springs, consisting of pure 
chalybeate, white sulphur, red sulphur, 
cold freestone and limestone waters, 
within easy drive by livery. 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



5 



CAVE SPRING, GA. 

Not far over the Alabama line, up 
among the hills, is this happy retreat. 
Here is a bold spring of clear, cold 
water, and, fifty steps above, a huge cave 
burrowed under the mountains. These 
curiosities, together with mountain 
scenery, fine fishing, excellent climate 
and hospitable inhabitants, make it a 
popular place for the tourist, and an en- 
viable home for the resident. 

Sixteen miles away, where the 

Georgia Division of the E. Tenn., 
Va. & Ga. R. R. 

taps the line from Meridian to Dalton, is 
Rome, Ga. Here the "dear parson," 
doubtless, rested a spell, and put in his 



journal all that space allowed, both of 
the "Seven Hilled City" and of the 
country thereabout. 

Through Dalton to Cleveland, where 
I shall meet friends. I have briefly 
summarized a trip, pleasant to the trav- 
eler, attractive to the tourist. Through 
a splendid country, rich in minerals, 
teeming with rivers, covered with valuable 
forests, the very cream of cotton and corn 
lands, the E. Tenn., Va. & Ga. R. R. 
sweeps from the plaza of the Tennessee 
Mountains toward the Mexican gulf and 
the Texan prairies. Coming North from 
the one, or going South from the other, 
you will find this the direct route, and 
see much more than has been pointed 
out by "Tom." 







FROM CLEVELAND TO BRISTOL, TENN., 

Over the Tennessee, Carolina and Ohio Divisions of the East 
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad, including a 
Portion of Western North Carolina. 



VIA 
Charleston, 
Riceville, 
Athens, 
Sweetwater, 
Loudon, 
Knoxville, 
Strawberry Plains, 
Mossy Creek, 
Morristown, 
Warm Springs, 
Asheville, 
Greenville, 
Jonesboro, 
Jonnson City, 
Bristol. 



"Arise, my soul, arise ! " 

So chanted an 
ebony-hued daugh- 
ter of Ham as with 
a pail of water bal- 
anced on her head 
she trotted along 
the street in 

CLEVELAND, 
where three con- 
tented tourists Were 
strolling along in 
the "last-half" of 
a lovely afternoon. 
;> That's inspiration," said the young 
lawyer ; " have we not climbed up, body 
as well as soul, from the level pine woods 
of Mississippi ; the gulf-sands pf Ala- 
bama, and the salt marshes of Florida ; 
and don't we stand now upon the grand- 
est plateau in America — the table of the 
gods, spread from Maryland to the far 
Southwest, upon whose groaning board 
are the finest mountain scenes, the 
choicest vailey vistas, the richest and 
most picturesque views that Nature's 
market affords !" 

" Is not that one of the loveliest little 
churches you ever saw ?" interrupted the 
divinity student. "And see how beau- 
tifully the sun shines over the steeple and 
glows on the distant Chilhowee and 
Unaka Mountains." 

"This is a handsome town," added 
the commercial man, "it's opera house, 
public square, and elegant residences 
attest thrift, energy and taste. " 

Having thus given utterance to senti- 
ments awakened by present surround- 
ings and the journeys just accomplished, 
let us briefly review the territory which 
our travelers are about to traverse. 

Its Topography. 

Following the general course of the 
Appalachian system of mountains, which 



begin in Canada and extend through 
Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and 
Tennessee, they run in the same general 
direction through East Tennessee, en- 
closing the valleys of the Tennessee, 
Holston, and their tributaries, as with 
great walls ; the lofty Unaka ranges on 
the south, the less lofty but equally in- 
teresting Cumberlands on the north, 
and between these great mountain ranges 
are innumerable other mountain ridges 
and hills, many of them attaining a great 
height, and all running in the same 
general direction. Between these 
parallel ranges and ridges are .many 
beautiful and fertiLe valleys, streams and 
rivers of considerable magnitude ; equal 
to the Rocky Mountains at many points 
in rugged grandeur, they excel them in 
beauty ; the ranges on the southern side 
of the great valley attain a great height, 
have the most beautiful mountain tops 
in the world, and are either carpeted 
with grasses or covered with numerous 
varieties of ferns, mosses, or with the 
mountain laurels, spruces, balsam, and 
the rich red rhododendron and azalias. 

The Cumberlands on the northern 
side of the great valley are less lofty and 
attain a mean elevation of 2,000 feet 
above the sea ; they rise from a valley 
a thousand to fifteen hundred feet above 
the sea, lift themselves almost perpen- 
dicular a thousand feet or more, and on 
the tops we find for miles in all direc- 
tions a level plateau thickly studded with 
large trees, almost destitute of under- 
growth, and covered more or less with 
grasses. The Cumberlands abound in 
fossils, and on its rocks are found 
abundant imprints of vegetation that 
existed ages ago. 

The valleys between these great moun- 
tain ranges are washed by numerous 
streams. At the Virginia line East 
Tennessee has four parallel rivers : 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



53 



Powells, Clinch, and the north and 
south forks of the Holston; the two 
latter unite, and receive on their way 
southward the Watauga, the French 
Broad and its tributaries, the Nola- 
chucky and Pigeon, rivers of themselves ; 
these form the Tennessee about four 
miles east of Knoxville, The French 
Broad demands more than a passing 
notice. This great and beautiful moun- 
tain river rises in North Carolina, runs 
northward through the great mountain 
ranges, cutting great gorges unequaled 



northern side of the valley are the Clinch 
and Powell rivers, and a few miles from 
Chattanooga the Tennessee is increased 
by the Hiwasse, a mountain stream of 
great beauty ; one of its tributaries, the 
Ocoee, is fed by never-failing mountain 
springs, and furnishes abundant water 
power ; it falls nearly a thousand feet in 
fifteen miles. The great peculiarity of 
these rivers is that they seem to avoid 
confining their course to one valley, but 
cut abruptly the highest ridges, leaving, 
apparently, their most favorable route 




THE SCENERY OF THE FRENCH BROAD. 



for beauty or grandeur on this continent ; 
it confines itself to no valley, and seems 
to find delight in cutting through the 
rocky base of the Unakas, which attain 
a height of 5,000 feet on each side of 
the river. The new connection with the 
Carolinas runs for more than fifty miles 
along this river, crossing it frequently 
on substantial bridges, and giving full 
and magnificent views of its unrivaled 
scenery. 

The difficulty of access to this region 
has only deferred its reputation for 
scenery which will become national 
when it becomes known. On the 



and cutting through rocky barriers 
hundreds of feet m height. The fall of 
the Holston from the Virginia line and 
and the Watauga from North Carolina 
to Chattanooga is each about 1,500 
feet. 

Mr. H. E Colton, of Knoxville, thus 
theorizes in regard to the effect of the 
peculiar topography of East Tennessee 
upon its climate : 

" It is evident from the general topo- 
graphy and geographic features of East 
Tennessee, that it is a great trough with 
a corrugated bottom ; one end is elevated 
to twice the height of the other end. 



54 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



Referring to the elevation given, it may 
be seen that from an elevation of 675 
feet at Chattanooga, it passes through 
Knoxville at an elevation of 900 feet, and 
rapidly rises to 1,734 feet at Jonesboro. 
While these are the elevations of the 
track of the East Tennessee, Virginia 
and Georgia Railroad, the surrounding 



elevated to a climatic position the 
equivalent of Indianapolis. But it is 
truly entitled to a more northern range 
in Summer, and a more southern one in 
Winter ; while Knoxville, though only 
250 feet higher than Chattanooga, has a 
much cooler Summer, and nearly the 
same Winter climate. 




MOONLIGHT IN TrtE UNAKAS 



country has much higher points, the 
area of Knoxville having an average ele- 
vation of over 950 feet. 

"It is an established theory of me- 
teorology, that, every 310 feet of eleva- 
tion is equivalent to a degree of north 
latitude ; hence, Bristol, being not only 
100 miles north of Chattanooga, but also 
1,200 feet higher, is meteorologically 



' ' We account for this as follows : the 
valley warms with the sun during the 
day, and the air ascends northeastward 
to the higher upper end of the great 
trough, and to the tops of the high 
mountains on either side. When night 
comes it is reversed. The cool air 
comes down through the valley, and 
from the summits of the mountains, 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



55 



equalizing the temperature, cooling the 
valley, and producing wind currents to 
the southwest. These cease usually 
about three o'clock a. m. , which pro- 
duces a calm before daylight. This cur- 
rent operates from beyond Bristol into 
Alabama, but has its greatest force and 
action about Knoxville. It makes it 
impossible for more than three or four 
excessively hot or cold days to exist in 



a night temperature, as higfh as seventy- 
five degrees was only reached once, and 
that on the 12th of September of last sea- 
son, when the observer reported seventy- 
six and four-tenths degrees. 

"It is universally conceded that mal- 
aria cannot thrive unless the continuous 
temperature, day and night, for weeks, 
exceeds eighty, or at least seventy-five 
degrees. The usual temperature of up- 




THE SHORES OF THE TENNESSEE RIVER. 



succession. The malarious atoms from 
the extreme South are met and purified 
by the rare air from the mountains, and 
makes the existence of malaria in this 
region impossible — even the lightest 
forms of malaria, chills and fever, being 
almost unknown, and exist only tem- 
porarily when brought from other re- 
gions. It is worthy of note, that, al- 
though for many years the United States 
Signal Service Observer has recorded the 
temperature of Knoxville day and night, 



per East Tennessee, at night, rarely ex- 
ceeds sixty degrees, and usually goes be- 
low it. This cool air at night, together 
with the constant moving of heated air 
through the day, creates a Summer 
climate, unsurpassed for health and com- 
fort in the world. " 

Its Geological Formation. 
The mountains on the Carolina border 
are metamorphic slates. Next to them is 
a series of ranges, which are composed 



5^ 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



of a peculiar character of slates and con- 
glomerate rocks. Next the Chilhowee 
range, with its peculiar sandstone, named 
Potsdam, from a mountain of that name 
in New York ; the valley proper is an al- 
ternation of smaller valleys and ridges, 
the former almost invariably limestone, 
though sometimes slate ; of the latter, 
black oak, chestnut and copper ridges, 
are composed of a formation, called by 
Professor SafTord, the Knox dolomite, 
which has been decomposed, thus part- 
ing with its lime, and leaving particles 
of flint scattered over the soil. The 
valleys contiguous are usually of slates 



Its Minerals. 

The mineral wealth of East Tennessee 
compares favorably with any State in this 
country. While it contains a great 
variety, including almost all the known 
metals, it abounds in the most useful of 
them, as iron, copper, zinc, coal, etc. In 
that part of the Appalachian chain bor- 
dering Tennessee on the east, and run- 
ning through Western North Carolina, 
large amounts of magnetic and specular 
iron ores have been found in several lo- 
calities, situated so that their outlet must 
be through East Tennessee. 

In the East Tennessee Valley, between 




CUMBERLAND GAP, NEAR MORRISTOWN. 



of the same formation, or of Niagara 
limestone. 

Pine Ridge (called White Oak), near 
Ooltewah, belongs to the Niagara period, 
and are the same rocks as are found at 
Genessee Falls. Along the southern 
side of the mountain is found a very 
persistent bed of iron ore, known in 
New York as the Clinton ore. The 
valley on the southern side of this ridge 
is partially composed of sub-carbonifer- 
ous limestone, and, at some points, shows 
a considerable width of black slate. 

The Clinch Mountain is capped with 
a different sandstone, but has a similar 
valley at its southern base. The gray 
and red knobs are irregular masses of 
slates and limestone. 



the Appalachian and Cumberland moun- 
tains, are several ridges containing great 
quantities of iron ore, mostly brown he- 
matites, but occasionally red hematite, 
of excellent quality. Especially deserved 
to be mentioned is the Chilhowee Moun- 
tain range, where the quantity of brown 
hematite is very great. Fossiliferous red 
hematite occurs in several places, but 
most abundantly at the base of the Cum- 
berland Mountain, where this iron ore 
has been the main source for the manu- 
facture of iron on a large scale for many 
years. 

The copper region, as far as known, is 
confined to a small scope of country 
within Tennessee, a part of Polk County. 
The mines have been worked exten- 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



57 



sively, but are by no means exhausted. 
They are located in a beautiful basin, 
surrounded by mountains, and are well 
worth a visit, even to the mere tourist, for 
pleasure. The road up the Ocoee affords 
some of the wildest and grandest scenery 
to be found anywhere. 

Zinc ore is found in considerable 
quantities ; it is shipped in large quan- 
tities to New Jersey, but principally to 
Clinton, Anderson County, Tenn., where 
are extensive smelting works. It is 
mined near Mossy Creek, also on Clinch 
and Powells Rivers. 

Lead is found in numerous places 
near Jonesboro, Leadvale, on the French 



in time to catch the flush of a glorious 
daylight that swept silently and heavenly 
over the hills and valleys that repose 
upon this peerless plaza, whose north- 
ward end goes to sleep in the sunny vales 
of Maryland and Pennsylvania, Charles- 
ton and Riceville, at peace with all the 
world, saluted us with a smile of quiet 
beauty, and we, passing with a mutual 
civility, pulled up at 

ATHENS. 

One of the liveliest newspapers in the 
valley, the Athens Post, is published here, 
and its genial editor said this about his 
charming little city : 




SWEETWATER VALLEY. 



Broad River, Sweetwater and Chatata, 
but not developed to any great ex- 
tent. 

Gold has been found on Coco and 
Abrams Creek and other places. 

Other minerals, such as manganese, 
barytes, ochre, etc., are found in various 
places in East Tennessee. Mica is ex- 
tensively mined ajt Bakersville, North 
Carolina, near the Tennessee State line. 

Marble quarries are worked extensively 
at numerous points, but principally 
aear R'ogersville, Whitesburg, Knoxville, 
Concord and Blue Springs. The beauty, 
variety and quality of East Tennessee 
marble is creating a demand equal to all 
the resources of the quarries. 

The train pulled out from Cleveland 



"She has the most genial climate of 
the earth ; the most substantial court 
house in the State, the Wesleyan Univer- 
sity, Athens' Female Seminary, seven 
churches, cotton mills, woolen and flour- 
ing mills, and the prettiest girls under 
heaven's blue dome. In short, we are a 
God-blessed set, worshipping under our 
own vine and fig-tree, hanging the latch- 
string on the outside, and inviting the 
world to come and enjoy with us our 
happiness. " 

Sixteen miles from Athens, over a fine 
mountain road, are the celebrated 

WHITE CLIFF SPRINGS, 

three thousand feet above the sea, and 
from this aerie in a pure and invig- 



58 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



orating atmosphere, it looks down upon 
landscapes of surpassing beauty. 

Midway between Chattanooga and 
Knoxville, located in a grove of large 
oaks, in the heart of a lovely valley, 
redolent with clover blossoms and sur- 
rounded with bold, dashing springs, is 
the pretty town of 

SWEETWATER. 

Sweetwater Valley, called in Cherokee 
music, ' ' Umercanass, ' is known far and 



bordered river and wakes the echoes in 
the valleys as it bears you away to Kings- 
ton, at the mouth of the incoming 
Clinch. 

"I should like to have my church 
somewhere along this beautiful Tennes- 
see Valley," said the "dominie." "The 
people are too happy and contented for 
me to locate among them," responded 
the disciple of Blackstone. 

"I'll tell you from a commercial 
point of view," said the third friend, 




KNOXVILLE, TENN. 



wide for its 

the inexhaustible 

soil. 



beauty, and for 
fertility of its loamy 



Situated on a grand bend of the Ten- 
nessee, commanded by lofty hills, is the 
town of 

LOUDON. 

A splendid Howe-truss bridge, 1,800 
feet long, spans the river, and rugged 
hills, fertile farms and grassy knolls seen 
from it in every direction attest the 
claim of this place to be ranked with the 
most attractive in the State. A bustling 
steamer plows the bosom of the hill- 



"here is the cheapest and best board, 
and more of it, than in any section I 
have ever honored with my appetite." 

KNOXVILLE 

is a flourishing city, with 15,000 inhab- 
itants ; handsome residences, fine public 
and private schools, a white marble post 
office, several State institutions, the Ten- 
nessee University, and a climate the 
perfection of healthfulness. The view 
from the grounds of the university is re- 
markably fine. The peaks of the Cum- 
berland, the Clinch and the Smoky are 
in the distance, and, five miles east, the 
lovely French Broad River empties its 
dancing current into the Tennessee. 

Knoxville dates back into the second 
half of the eighteenth century, and has 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



59 



an interesting history. Its site was 
originally a fort, built for the protection 
of settlers against the Cherokees. 

The city is the centre of numerous 
health resorts — Montvale Springs, Lea's 



Jellico, on tne Kentucky State Line, 
and a connection with the Louisville and 
Nashville Railroad. This road feels its 
way through a lovely section toward the 
distant Ohio. It pierces the heart of a 




SUMMERING ON THE FRENCH BROAD. 



Springs, Mount Nebo Springs — all pop- 
ular places, and resorted to by many peo- 
ple from the extreme South. 

From Knoxville the Knoxville and 
Ohio Division of the East Tennessee, 
Virginia and Georgia Railroad leads to 



country untramped by the tourist, unseen 
by the artist. Here is an independent 
"reserve" for some enthusiastic ex- 
plorer. 

Shortening transportation distances 
between the West and the Southeast — 



6o 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 




THE RAPIDS— FRENCH BROAD RIVER 



over previously established lines — from 
ioo to 250 miles, this newly completed 
line will, henceforth, prove a most potent 
factor in Southern railway service, and 
supply a channel of communication long 
and greatly needed. 

Almost along the line of railroad, 
as we speed toward Morristown, ran the 
' ' great Cherokee war trail " eighty years 
ago. How quiet and peaceful now is 
the region once terrorized by the war- 
whoop, and devastated by the torch and 
tomahawk ? 

On every side are the well-kept fields 
of wheat and corn ; the orchards of ap- 
ples and peaches, the meadows of grass 
and clover, the tree-hid farm houses, 
and, the "dominie" adds, "the dear 
little churches, like pious nuns at prayer. '* 

We pass by Strawberry Plains, New 
Market and Mossy Creek — this last place 
has a river all its own. The stream on 
which it stands is only four miles long, 
yet it comes with such power from its 
sulphur spring as to turn the wheels of 
twelve mills and factories. 



A DEFLECTION INTO WESTERN 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
Morristown, Tenn. , to Warm Springs, 

N. C. 
This with its 2,000 inhabitants, is 



destined to become one of the most im- 
portant along the line of the E. Tenn., 
Va. & Ga. , for from it branches the Morris- 
town division of this road, on its way 
through lovely Tate Valley to the Switz- 
erland of America — Western North Car- 
olina. Formerly hundreds of miles 
of circuitous travel brought you to 
where the Clinch, the Smoky and the 
Unaka Mountains lift their giant heads 
and play "kindergarten" with granite 
blocks carved and painted by eternity. 
Now a deflection from the main line 
between North and South, and you soar 
up in a few hours to where the grandest 
hills on the continent have met in titanic 
conclave, each waited upon by valleys 
lovely as smiling houris ; forests dark 
and serried like armies ; waterfalls and 
plunging rivers like fleet-footed Hermes, 
each blazoned with golden sun, silvered 
with mist, wrapped in mantles of ermine 
clouds and heralded with the grand mu- 
sic of sweeping storms and earth-rocking 
thunders. 

BEAN'S STATION VALLEY, 

filled with its mineral springs is a lovely 
Eden, from which you pass through 
green gates into the great world of heav- 
ing hills and gorges. Beautiful French 
Broad River, wider, grander, more ro- 
mantic than the Hudson ; silvery Pigeon 
River, with its body guard of granite 
sentinels ; snarling, snapping Wolf 
Creek, with its white teeth and foamy 
flanks, cut like sheeny cimeters through 
the green of the mountains, and sever- 
ing the dense thickets of laurel and 
hemlock, go 



tameless 



turbulent and 
toward the distant plains. 

Who can describe these majestic 
mountains ? Who can find thoughts even 
to convey to his own soul, the glorious 
beauty, the entrancing loveliness, the 
awe-inspiring visions that are presented 
to his senses ? The " dominie " sat si- 
lently gazing out of the car window ; the 
lawyer forgot his powers of speech ; no 
thought of business entered the com- 
mercial brain — each lost in blissful rev- 
erie drank in the scenery — indescribable, 
except some inspired David, sitting at 
the feet of the Almighty, should, at his 
command, write an epic for the angels, 
and make this land the burden of his song. 

Shadows were creeping over the 
mighty hills and wooded slopes as we 
stopped at the 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



61 



WARM SPRINGS. 

Pyramidal hills rose on 
either hand ; the soft breeze 
of the South brought perfume 
from the azalias, colincan- 
thi and purple rhododendra. 
Sunset on the mountains ! 
calm ! beautiful ! heavenly ! 
Ye gods ! what a land ! 
Thither should come the 
teeming hundreds who " en- 
dure" the Summers at re- 
sorts, where the senses weary 
of the worn out 'Movers' 
leap," the obsolete "ball- 
room rock," the same old 
paths and soulless lawns. 
Thither, up into the clouds, 
where Nature, anticipating 
the ennui of her tourist chil- 
dren, has gathered what is 
new and beautiful, and will 
be new and beautiful forever. 
Here is the home of the 
speckled trout the ' ' pre- 
serve " of the pheasant, the 
stalk of the deer and the 
turkey. Here are 

" Small faint tracks, too quickly 

lost, 
That need sure foot, and eye, its 

fullest light ; 
And crags to leap, and torrents 

to be crossed." 

Warm Springs, with its 
splendid hotel accomoda- 
tions, greet us at our jour- 
ney's end. 

This noted resort is being 
yearly improved and increas- 
ed in capacity and comfort, 
to meet the demands of tour- 
ists and health-seekers that 
pay tribute to its restorative 
waters and delightful climate. 
To recite in detail the many 
charms of mountain peak, forest dell, 
and rippling stream, that create here a 
perfect Summer home,, would be a need- 
less task. Its fame is co-equal with our 
country, and while rich beyond ordinary 
expression in mountain homes and 
health-giving resorts, Western North 
Carolina offers to her admirers nothing 
superior tc this famous place. 

Idling their holiday hours away among 
the leafy nooks, the rippling streams and 
cloud-capped peaks of this delightful 
spot, in quickened steps and healthful 




CASCADES NEAR WARM SPRINGS, 

glow, our tourist friends bore witness to 
the truth of all that had been claimed 
for this health-laden land. 

Climbing with nimble feet the wood- 
crowned heights, and like the Persian 
magi in acts of adoration, turning their 
faces eastward with reverential awe the 
wonderous beauties of this "Land of 
the Sky " entranced their startled eyes. 

Amid an august conclave of moun- 
tain kings, supreme in their titanic 
majesty and rule over earth and air and 
sky, Mount Mitchell, Black Mountain, 



62 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND 



Pisgah, Grandfather, Bald, and a mighty 
host of uncounted potentates of lesser 
fame, lifted their sun-crowned crests 
into ethereal space ; and nestling amid 
the smiling valleys of their eastern 
slopes busy towns and thriving villages 
give pleasing variety to the scene. 

Asheville, a gem of beauty in this 
land of scenic wealth, looks lovingly 
upon us, and stretching far away, east- 



Tamer than the chaos of grandeur from 
which we had just emerged, yet varied 
and enchanting enough to soothe into 
pleasing fancy, and not to snap by sud- 
den revulsion the tensioned chords of 
the imagination. 

"It is like coming," said the dom- 
inie, "from some grand cathedral, 
where a hundred strong voices are sing- 
ing the ' Te Deum,' to the dear little 




THE FRENCH BROAD, NEAR ASHEVILLE. 



ward and southward in every valley and 
from every plain, sweet Carolina homes 
woo and welcome pilgrims faint from 
heat of Southern Summer suns. 

Back from over the border to Morris- 
town, we were again on the main line of 
the E. Tenn., Va. & Ga. R. R., and 
sweeping along toward Bristol, through 
scenery that would kindle the enthu- 
siasm of any man who had not just 
"dropped down from the clouds." 



church, where surpliced choristers are 
singing sweet Easter anthems." 

"It surely is not like going out 
through the vestry-room into the back 
alley," said the lawyer. 

AT ROGERSVILE JUNCTION 

is a branch road going out to Rogers- 
ville, the county seat of Hawkins county. 
This little town hemmed in by green 
hills, with a broad valley stretching away 



GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



63 



to the east and west, is confessedly 
one of the coolest and most delightful 
bummer retreats in the South. Two 
large hotels, a female college, handsome 
residences, and numerous mineral 
springs are among its varied attractions. 
Across pretty little streams, through 
meadows of clover, by orchards and 
fields, we push on toward 

GREENVILLE, 

seventy-four miles from Knoxville and 
fifty-six from Bristol. Here lived . the 
late President of the United States, An- 
drew Johnson. The train swept round 
the base of a gently rising hill, carpeted 
with green grass and shaded by hand- 
some trees, on the summit of which 
could be seen the solitary monument 



tain that slumbers off on the edge of the 
county. 

We are high up in the world as we 
speed along this part of the road : some- 
where about fifteen hundred feet above 
the wash of the tide. The air is thin, 
the sky clear, and the scenery enchant- 
ing. 

JOHNSON CITY, 

with its one thousand five hundred in- 
habitants, stands a foot above the sea for 
each soul within its limits. There are 
good hotels and a fine mineral spring. 
The people are clever, and do a lucrative 
business. From this point the East Ten- 
nessee and Western North Carolina Rail- 
road runs through the Doe River section 
to the Cranberry iron fields, opens to 
the tourist one of the most beautiful 




BRISTOL, VA. 



marking his grave. The town has 
three hotels, ten churches, some hand- 
some residences, and does a good busi- 
ness. 

There is an endless variety in the 
scenery along the line of road. One 
sees and never tires of seeing. There is 
no dull monotony broken only by some 
little insignificant station with its plat- 
form and board shanty. But rather an 
ever changing panorama, each view dis- 
closing a new picture, or, if the same, 
showing it with changed light or differ- 
ent perspective 

JONESBORO, 

one thousand seven hundred feet above 
the sea, is the oldest town in the State. 
You get a first-rate meal at this place, 
wash it down with the purest fresh milk, 
and look complacently over the' digni- 
fied city, toward the great Bald Moun- 



portions of East Tennessee, and gives a 
near route to Roan Mountain, the high- 
est in the United States East of the 
Rocky Mountains. This mountain is 
the paradise of sight-seers and fly-fishers ; 
it watches over an unexplored country 
where the .rythmic Cherokee names — 
Cowee, Chilhowhee, Watauga, Tucka- 
seege and Nautahaula, tell of mountain, 
river and valley, redolent yet of Indian 
song and story — undesecrated by the 
tramp of business and the convention- 
alities of fashion. Doe River is an 
affluent of the French Broad, on one 
hand coursing through pastoral meads, 
on the other rushing over steep preci- 
pices, and forming beautiful cascades. 

Through narrow gorges, over yawning . 
chasms, past rushing waterfalls, winding 
its way upward and onward, this little 
railway, seeking successfully the stores of 
mineral wealth, uncovered by the cuttings 



64 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA SUMMER RESORTS. 



amid the cliffs, or by patient burrowing in 
mountain sides, presents from a scenic 
standpoint views as wild as those among 
the Italian Alps, and finds satisfactory 
commercial reward for the undaunted 
men who planned the work and furnished 
the means to construct so difficult a road. 

BRISTOL-GOODSON 
is a double-barrelled town, loaded to 



the muzzle with energy, enterprise and 
activity, One-half of the city is in Ten- 
nessee and the other half in Virginia. 
It has two separate municipal govern- 
ments ; i, 800 inhabitants; lies in the 
centre of a rich farming and grazing 
country ; and is a fit terminus of the 
great line that has brought us through 
Tennessee to the threshold of the Old 
Dominion. 




DOE RIVER FALLS, NEAR CRANBERRY. 



Converging on common ground, our tourists' jaunts have ended, and likewise 
our sketches of their specific journeyings. 

These tourists' tales oft told may, and doubtless will, lose their novelty and 
cease to charm, but this land of mountain heights and rippling water-falls will be 
beautiful forever. 

The red deer will steal away to his covert in forest wilds, the eagle will 
seek his mountain eyrie. 

The artist will find on every hand fresh subjects for his skill. The luxurious 
modern hotel will invite at every health resort ; the cosy wayside home will tempt 
the wandering tourist at every step, and these lovely regions will continue to be a 
refuge and a home through all the coming years. 

The different maps herein annexed show at a glance the extent of territory 
covered and connected by The Virginia, Tennessee & Georgia Air Line ; and. for 
the convenience and further reference of those whose interest has been awakened 
through the perusal of these journals, there will be found on subsequent pages 
Guide Tables alphabetically arranged, Route memoranda to Specified Resorts. 
Directory of Agencies, List of Agents, and various announcements which speak for 
themselves. 



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to.? 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES 

OF 

SUMMER EXCURSION RESORTS REACHED QUICKEST, CHEAPEST AND BEST, 

BY THE 

VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE & GEORGIA AIR LINE. 



GROUP A. 

Aft on, Va. 

Clifton Forge, Va. 

Covington, Va. 

Goshen, Va. 

Greenbrier White Sulphur, W. Va. 

Kanawha Falls, W. Va. 

Millboro, Va. 

Staunton, Va. 
The above resorts are located immediately on 
line of Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, and are 
reached without staging. 

GROUP B. 
Bath Alum, V 'a.— Millboro. 

Cold Sulphur, Va. - Goshen. 

Hot or Healing, Va. - Covington. 

Millboro Springs, Va. — Millboro. 

Mountain Top House, Va.—/i/ton. 

Rockbridge Baths, V a.- Goshen. 

Salt Sulphur, W. Ya. — Rort Springs 

Stribling, Va. — Staunton. x 

Sweet Chalybeate, Va. — Alleghany. 

Walawhatoola, Va. —Millboro. 
The above resorts are located off the line of 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. Station in italic 
type indicates point of departure from railroad 
and where stage must be taken. 

GROUP C. 

Natural Bridge, Va. —Natural Bridge. 
Dagger's Springs, Va. — Gala Water. 
Rockbridge Alum Springs, Va. — Lexington. 
Located off line of Richmond & Alleghany 
Railroad. Station in italic type indicates point 
of departure from railroad, and where stage must 
be taken. 

GROUP D. 
Big Creek Springs, Tenn. 
Carter's Springs, " 

Cave Springs, Ala. 
Cleveland Springs, Tenn. 
Cave Creek, " 

Daugherty 7 Mineral, Ga. 
Greenville, Tenn. 
Hampton Springs, Tenn. ■ 
Johnson City, " 

Powder Springs, Ga. 
Roan Mountain, Tenn. 
Russellville, " 

Sweetwater, " 

Whitesburg, " 

The above resorts are located on line of Eas 
Tenn., Va. & Ga. Railroad, and are reached 
without staging. 



GROUP E. 
Austin Springs, Tenn. — Carter's Depot. 
Carver's Springs, Tenn. — Riceville. 
Cloudland, Tenn. — Roan Mountain. 
Calletto Springs, Tenn. — Limesto7ie. 
Galbraith Springs, Tenn. — Russellville. 
Hale's Sulphur and Chalybeate Springs, Tenn. 

— Roger sville. 
Indian Springs, Ga. — Indian Springs. 
Kings Springs, Tenn. — Johnson City. 
Lea Springs, Tenn. — McMillan. 
Mooresburg Chalybeate, Tenn.-- Whitesburg. 
Mountain Home Hotel, Tenn. — Chattanooga. 
Oliver Springs, Tenn. — Clinton. 
Schenck Springs, Ala. — Jacksonville, Alabama. 
Shelby Springs, Ala. — Shelby Springs, Alabama. 
Shacco Springs, Ala. — Talladaga, Alabama. 
Sulphur Springs, Tenn. — Limestone. 
Tate Epsom Springs, Tenn. — Morristown. 
Waterville, Tenn. — Cleveland. 

The above resorts are located off the line ot 
East Tenn., Va. & Ga. Railroad. Station in 
italic type indicates point of departure from 
railroad, and where stage must be taken. 

GROUP F. 

Abingdon, Va. 

Big Springs, Va. 

Big Tunnel, " 

Blue Ridge Springs, Va. 

Buford's, " 

Christiansburg, " 

Dublin, 

Egglestons, " 

Gishs " 

Glade Springs, " 

Liberty, " 

Marion, " 

Montgomery White, " 

Roanoke, " 

Rural Retreat, " 

Salem, " 

Saltville, 

Wytheville, " 

The above resorts are located on line of Nor- 
folk & Western Railroad, and are reached without 
staging. 

GROUP G. 
Alleghany Springs, Va. — Shawsville. 
Bedford Alum Springs, Va. — Forest. 
Blacksburg Springs, Va. — Christiansburg. 
Botetourt Springs, Va. — Salem. 
Chillhowee Springs, Va. — Greevers. 
Coyner's Springs, Va. — Bonsacks. 
Farmville Lithia, Va. — Farmville. 
Hunter's Alum Springs, Va. — Dublin. 






ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



73 



Lake Springs, Va. — Salem. 

Monroe Red Sulphur Springs, W. Va. — Glen 

Lyn. 
Mountain Lake, Va. — Staytide. 
Pulaski Alum Springs, Va. — Dublin. 
Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs, Va. — Salem. 
Seven Springs, Va. — Glade Springs. 
Sharon Springs, Va. — Wytheville. 
Washington Springs, Va. — Glade Springs. 
Yellow Sulphur Springs, Va. — Christiansburg. 

The above springs are located off the line of 
Norfolk & Western Railroad. Station in italic 
type indicates point of departure from railroad 
and where stage or hack must be taken. 

GROUP H. 

Berryville, Va. 
Buchanan, " 
Charlestown, W. Va. 
Hagerstown, Md. 
Luray, Va. 
Roanoke, Va. 
Shepherdstown, W. Va. 
White Post, Va. 

The above resorts are located on line of Shen- 
andoah Valley Railroad, and are reached with- 
out staging, 

GROUP K. 

Almirida, Va. — Berryville. 
Baker's Springs, Va.— Waynesboro. 
Botetourt, Va. — Cloverdale. 
Bon Air, Y&. — Elkton. 
Fincastle Mineral, Va. — Cloverdale. 
Natural Bridge, Va. — Natural Bridge. 
Rockingham Springs, Va. — Elkton. 
The Vineyard, Va. — Boyceville. 

The above resorts are located ^line of Shen- 
andoah Valley Railroad. Station in italic type 
indicates point of departure from railroad and 
where stage or hack must be taken. 

GROUP L. 

Capon Springs, W. Va. — Capon. 
Rawley Springs, Va. — Harrisonburg. 
Shenandoah Alum Springs, Va.— Mt. Jackso7i. 
Orkney Springs, Va. — Aft. Jackson. 

The above resorts are located off line of Val- 
ley Branch Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The 
station in italic type indicates point of departure 
from railroad and where stage or hack must be 
taken. 

GROUP M. 
Old Point Comfort, Va. 



GROUP N. 

Melrose Springs, Tenn. — Marysville, Temi. 
Montvale Springs, Tenn. — Marysville. 
Mt. Nebo Springs, Tenn. — Marysville. 

The above springs are located off the line of 
Knoxville & Augusta Railroad. Station in italic 
type indicates point of departure from railroad 
and where stage or hack must be taken. 

GROUP O. 



Alexander's, N. C. 
Asheville, " 

Black Mountain, N. C. 
Henry's, " 



Hickory, N. C. 

Marion, ' ; 
Morganton, " 
Old Fort, " 
Warm Springs, N. C. 

The above resorts are located on line of West- 
ern North Carolina Railroad and are reached 
without staging. 

GROUP P. 

Glen Alpine Springs, N. C. — Morganton. 
Heywood White Sulphur Springs, N. C.-=- 

Waynesville . 
Piedmont Springs, N. C. — Morganton. 
Sparkling Catawba Springs, N. C. — Hickory. 
Waynesville, N. C. — Pigeon River. 

The above springs are located off the line of 
Western North Carolina Railroad. Station in 
italic type indicates point of departure from rail- 
road and where stage must be taken. 

GROUP R. 

Bailey Springs, Ala. — Florence, Ala. 
Ferncliffe Springs, Ala.— Scottsboro, Ala. 
Iuka Springs, Miss. — luka, Miss. 

The above resorts are located offline of Mem- 
phis & Charleston Railroad. Station in italic 
type indicates point of departure from railroad 
station and where stage must be taken. 

GROUP S. 

Chambersburg, Pa. 
Greencastle, " 

Mechanicsburg, " 
Shippensburg, " 

The above resorts ai-e located on line of Cum- 
berland Valley Railroad and are reached without 
staging. 



SUMMER EXCURSION ROUTES. 

From NORFOLK, VA. 
To resorts named in Group A. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Petersburg. 
Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to Richmond. 
Transfer to Chesapeake & Ohio Depot. Chesa- 
peake & Ohio Railway to destination. 



To resorts named in GROUr B. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Petersburg. 
Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to Richmond. 
Transfer to Chesapeake & Ohio Depot. Chesa- 
peake & Ohio Railway to nearest station. Stage 
to destination. 



To resorts named in Group C. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Lynchburg. 



Richmond & Alleghany to nearest station, 
to destination. 



Stj 



To resorts named hi Group D. 
Nortolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to des- 
tination. 



To resorts named in Group E. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to near- 
est station. Stage f o destination. 



74 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



To resorts named in Group F. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to destination. 



To resorts named in Group G. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group H. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to destination. 



To resorts named in Group K. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage to destination. 



To resorts named in Group L. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Petersburg. 
Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to Richmond. 
Transfer to Chesapeake & Ohio Depot. Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Railroad to Staunton. Valley 
branch, Baltimore & Ohio to nearest station. 
Stage to destination. 



GROUP L. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Waynesboro'. 
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad to Staunton. 
Valley branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage to destination. 



To resorts named in GROUP O. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. \ 



To resorts named in Group P. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to Unaka. 
Western North Carolina Railroad to nearest sta- 
tion. Stage to destination. 

From PETERSBURG. 

To resorts named in Group C. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to nearest sta- 
tion. Stage to destination. 



To resorts named in Group D. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to des- 
tination. 



To resorts named in Group E. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to near- 
est station. Stage to destination. 



To resorts named in Group F. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to destination. 



To resorts named in Group G. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 



To resorts named in Group II. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named in Group K. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 






To resorts named in Group L. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to Staunton. Val- 
ley branch, Baltimore & Ohio to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 



OLD POINT COMFORT, VA. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Norfolk. Bay 
Line Steamer to Old Point. 



To Resorts named in Group O. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. 

To resorts named in Group P. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
nearest station. Sta^e to destination. 



From WELDON, GOLDSBORO, RA- 
LEIGH {via Weldon), WILMINGTON, 
CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, COLUM- 
BIA(z,mW.C.&A. R.R.), JACKSONVILLE 
(via Charleston). 

Take the Atlantic Coast Line to Petersburg, 
Va., thence to destination. (See routes from 
Petersburg.) 

FROM RICHMOND, VA. 

To Resorts named hi Group D. 

Richmond and Danville Railroad to Burke - 
ville. Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. 
East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
destination. 

Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 



To resorts named in GROUP E. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burke ville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to near- 
est station. Stage to destination. 
Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 



To Resorts named in Group F. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkevillc. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to destination. 
Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Norfolk & Western Railroad to destina- 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



75 



To resorts named in Group G. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkeville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 
Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 



To resorts named in Group H. 

Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to destination. 



To resorts named in Group K. 

. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 



TO OLD POINT COMFORT, VA. 

Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to Peters- 
burg. Norfolk & Western Railroad to Nor- 
folk. Bay Line Steamer to Old Point. 



To resorts named in GROUP N. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkeville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to Knox- 
ville. Knoxville & Augusta Railroad to nearest 
station. Stage or hack to destination. 
Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 

To resorts named on Group O. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkeville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. 

Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 



To resorts named in Group P. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkeville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western South Carolina Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage to destination. 
Or 

Richmond & Alleghany Railroad to Lynch- 
burg. Thence as above. 



To resorts named in Group S. 

Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Hagerstown. 
Cumberland Valley Railroad to destination. 



From HAGERSTOWN, SHENANDOAH 
JUNCTION and RIVERTON JUNC- 
TION. 

To resorts named in Group A. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named m Group B. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 



To resorts named in Group D. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to des- 
tination. 



To resorts named in Group E. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk and Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage to destination. 



To resorts named in Group F. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named in Group G. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group H. 
Shenandoah Valley Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named in Group K. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 



To resorts named in Group L. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Waynesboro. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to Staunton. Val- 
ley branch, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to nearest 
station. Stage or hack to destination. 

TO OLD POINT COMFOKT, VA. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Norfolk. Bay 
Line Steamer to Old Point. 

To resorts named in Group O. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. 

To resorts named in Group P. 

Shenandoah Valley Railroad to Roanoke. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Raiload to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage to destination. 

FROM NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, 
and. P. R. R. points, via Harrisburg. 

Pennsylvania Railroad to Harrisburg, Pa. 
Cumberland Valley Railroad to Hagerstown. 
Thence to destination. (See routes from Hagers- 
town, Md.) 

FROM BALTIMORE. 

Western Maryland Railroad to Hagerstown. 
Thence to destination. (See routes from Hagers- 
town, Md.) 

From WASHINGTON and Bait. & Ohio 
R. R. points, via B. & O, 

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to Shenandoah 
Junction. Thence to destination. (See route3 
I from Shenandoah Junction.) 



7 6 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



From WASHINGTON, via Va. Mid. R. 
R. & Manassas Branch. 

Virginia Midland Railroad (Manassas Branch) 
to Riverlon. Thence to destination. (See routes 
from River ton Junction.) 

From WASHINGTON and CHAR- 
LOrrESVILLE.via Lynchburg. 

To resorts named in Group D. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 

Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 

Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to des- 
tination. 



To resorts named in Group E. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to near- 
est station. Stage or hack to destination. 



To resorts named in Group F. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named in Group G. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group N. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Knoxville. Knoxville & Augusta Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group O. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. 



To resorts named in Group P. 

Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Bristol. East 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
nearest station. Sta^e or hack to destination. 



From NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA 
and BALTIMORE, via Washington. 

Pennsylvania Railroad to Washington. Thence 
to destination. (See routes from Washington, 
via Virginia Midland Railroad and Lynchburg.) 



From DANVILLE, Va., GREENSBORO, 
RALEIGH, via Greensboro, SALIS- 
BURY, CHARLOTTE, Etc., via Dan- 
ville. 

To resorts named in Group F. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Danville. 
Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. Nor- 
folk & Western Railroad to destination. 

To resorts named in Group G. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Danville. 
Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. Nor- 



folk & Western Railroad to nearest station. 
Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in GROUP H. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Danville. 
Virginia Midland Railroad to Lynchburg. Nor- 
folk & Western Railroad to Roanoke. Shen- 
andoah Valley Railroad to destination. 

TO OLD POINT COMFORT. VA. 

Richmond & Danville Railroad to Burkeville. 
Norfolk & Western Railroad to Norfolk. Bay 
Line Steamer to Old Point. 

From CHATTANOOGA, DALTON, CAL- 
ERA, SELMA, CLEVELAND & KNOX- 
VI LLE, and points on line of E. T. V. & G. 
R. R. 

To resorts named in Group A. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to Roan- 
oke. Shenandoah Valley to Waynesboro. 
Chesapeake & Ohio to destination. 
Or 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Lynchburg. Virginia Midland Railroad to 
Charlottesville. Chesapeake & Ohio to destina- 
tion. 

To resorts named in Group B. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk and Western Railroad to 
Roanoke. Shenandoah Valley Railroad to 
Waynesboro. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage to destination. 
Or 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Lynchburg. Virginia Midland to Charlottes- 
ville. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to nearest 
station. Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group D. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to destination. 



To resorts named in Group E. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to nearest station. Stage or hack to destination. 



To resorts na??ied in Group F. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to des- 
tination. 

To resorts named in Group G. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage or hack to destination. 



To 



■ts named hi Group H. 



East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Roanoke. Shenandoah Valley to destination. 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



77 



To resorts named in Group K. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Roanoke. Shenandoah Valley Railroad to 
nearest station. Stage or hack to destination. 

To resorts named in Group L. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Roanoke. Shenandoah Valley Railroad to 
Waynesboro. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to 
Staunton. Valley branch, Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad to nearest station. Stage or hack to 
destination. 

Or 

East Tennessee, Virginia Sc Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Lynchburg. Virginia Midland Railroad to 
Charlottesville. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad 
to Staunton. Valley branch, Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad to nearest station. Stage or hack to 
destination. 

TO OLD POINT COMFORT, VA. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Norfolk. Bay Line Steamer to Old Point. 

To resorts named in Group N. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Knoxville. Knoxville & Augusta Railroad to 
nearest station. Hack or stage to destination. 

To resorts named in Group O. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Unaka. Western North Carolina Railroad to 
destination. 

To resorts named in Group P. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Morristown. East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railroad to Unaka. Western North 
Carolina Railroad to nearest station. Stage or 
hack to destination. 



To resorts named in Group R. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Chattanooga. Memphis & Charleston Rail- 
road to nearest station. Stage or hack to 
destination. 



To resorts named in Group S. 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Bristol. Norfolk & Western Railroad to 
Roanoke. Shenandoah Valley Railroad to 
Hagerstown. Cumberland Valley Railroad to 
destination. 



From MEMPHIS, GRAND JUNCTION, 
CORINTH, and. points on line of M. & 
C. R. R. 

To resorts named in Group R. 

Memphis & Charleston Railroad to nearest 
station. Stage or hack to destination. 

For all other resorts. Memphis & Charleston 
Railroad to Chattanooga. Thence to destina- 
tion as indicated in routes from Chattanooga. 



From NASHVILLE, Tenn., and line of 
N. C. & St L. R. R. 

Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad 
to Chattanooga. Thence to destination as in- 
dicated in route from Chattanooga. 

From MERIDIAN, YORK, BIRMING- 
HAM and line of A. G. S. R. R. 

Alabama Great Southern Railroad to Chatta- 
nooga. Thence to destination as indicated in 
route from Chattanooga. 

From ATLANTA, Ga. 

Western & Atlantic Railroad to Dalton. 
Thence to destination as indicated in Routes 
from Dalton. 

Or 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Cleveland. Thence to destination as indicated 
in routes from Cleveland. 

From MACON, Ga., and South- Western 
Georgia points. 

Central Railroad of Georgia to Atlanta. 
Western & Atlantic Railroad to Dalton. 
Or 

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad 
to Cleveland, Tenn. Thence to destination as 
indicated in routes from Dalton and Cleveland. 

From MONTGOMERY and OPELIKA, 
via Atlanta. 

Western Railroad of Alabama to West Point. 
Atlanta and West Point Railroad to Atlanta. 
Western & Atlantic Railroad to Dalton. 
Or 

Western Railroad of Alabama to West Point. 
Atlanta & West Point Railroad to Atlanta. 
East Tennessee; Virginia & Georgia Railroad to 
Cleveland. Thence to destination as indicated 
in routes from Dalton and Cleveland. 

From NEW ORLEANS, MOBILE, PEN- 
SACOLA and L. & N. R. R. points, via 
Atlanta. 

Louisville & Nashville Railroad to Montgom- 
ery. Western Railroad of Alabama to West 
Point. Atlanta and West Point Railroad to 
Atlanta. Western and Atlantic Railroad to 
Dalton. 

Or 

Louisville & Nashville Railroad to Montgom- 
ery. Western Railroad of Alabama to West 
Point. Atlanta and West Point Railroad to 
Atlanta. East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia 
Railroad to Cleveland. Thence to destination 
as indicated in routes from Dalton and Cleveland. 

From NEW ORLEANS, MOBILE, PEN- 
SACOLA, MONTGOMERY and L. & N. 
R. R. points, via Calera. 

Louisville & Nashville Railroad to Calera, 
Ala. Thence to destination as indicated in 
routes from Calera, Ala. 

From NEW ORLEANS, VICKSBURG, 
JACKSON, via Grawd Junction. 

Illinois Central Railroad to Grand Junction. 
Thence to destination as indicated in routes from 
Grand Junction. 



78 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES. 



In addition to the direct routes of travel given 
in the foregoing Itinerary, which are in allcases 
the same in each direction, the entirely new fea- 
ture in Southern Summer Excursion Travel of 

VARIABLE ROUTES, 

by which tourists going from home by one line 
may return by another, has been arranged ; this 
being by reason of the extensive mileage of the 

Virginia, Tennessee & Georgia Air Line, 

traversing large areas of diverse territory — an 
entirely practicable arrangement within its own 
control. 

These Variable Route Tickets embrace all or 
portions only of the Scenic Attractions and Sum- 
mer Resorts of the Line, according to the taste, 
time and means of intending tourists, and are 
obtainable during the Excursion Season at the 
offices of the Line, or initial companies at interest, 
in the following cities : 

Baltimore. — Western Maryland Railroad, 
Hillen Station, Fulton Station, Pennsylvania 
Avenue Station, at 133 West Baltimore Street. 
Geigan & Co., ticket agents. 

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Camden Station 
and corner Baltimore and Calvert streets. 

Baltimore Steam Packet Company, 157 West 
Baltimore street. W. H. Fitzgerald, agent. 

Washington.— Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 
Depot ticket office and 601 Pennsylvania avenue. 

Virginia Midland Railroad ticket office, 601 
Pennsylvania avenue. N. McDaniel, ticket agent. 

Harrisburg.— Ticket office of Cumberland 
Valley Railroad. v 

Hagerstown.— Ticket office of Shenandoah 
Valley Railroad. Charles Feldman, ticket agent. 

Luray.— Ticket office of Shenandoah Valley 
Railroad. M. Spitler, ticket agent. 

Waynesboro.— Ticket office of Shenandoah 
Valley Railroad. A. M. Finch, ticket agent. 

Norfolk. — Under Atlantic Hotel. W. T. 
Walke, ticket agent. 



At Depot, Norfolk & Western Railroad. J. F. 
Cecil, agent. 

New York.— At office of the Line, 303 Broad- 
way. Geo. M. Huntington, agent. 

Boston. — At office of the Line, 290 Washing- 
ton street. C. P. Gaither, agent. 

Lynchburg. -Norfolk & Western Railroad 
Depot ticket office. W. S. Bradley, ticket agent. 

Petersburg.— Norfolk & Western Railroad 
Depot ticket office. H. V. L. Bird, agent. 

Richmond. — At 1000 Main street. A. W. 
Garber& Co., ticket agents. 

Roanoke. — Norfolk & Western and Shen- 
andoah Valley Railroad Depot ticket office. 1 . 
H. Bransford, agent. 

Knoxville.— East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railroad Depot ticket office. 

Chattanooga.— East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railroad Depot ticket office. J. H. 
Peebles, ticket agent. 

Memphis.— Memphis & Charleston Railroad 
Depot ticket office. Also Main street ticket 
office. Barney Hughes, ticket agent. 

Atlanta. — East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railroad Depot ticket office. Jack W. 
Johnson, ticket agent. 

Macon. — East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia 
Railroad Depot ticket office. R. T. Reynolds, 
ticket agent. Also at 102 Mulberry street. 
Burr Brown, ticket agent. 

Jacksonville. — Savannah, Florida & West- 
ern Railroad ticket office, West Bay street. J. 
E. Drayton, ticket agent. And office of the 
Line, corner Bay and Hogan streets. B. H. 
Hopkins, passenger agent. 

Selma. — East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia 
Railroad at Depot ticket office. T. H. Lavender, 
ticket agent. 

Meridian. — East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia Railroad at Depot ticket office. E. 
Berney, ticket agent. 



79 



DIRECTORY OF AGENCIES.. 

Where THROUGH TICKETS — both straight and round-trip 

SUMMER EXCURSION — ARE SOLD, INFORMATION GIVEN, TIME- 
CARDS FURNISHED, AND SLEEPING-CAR BERTHS AND 
SECTIONS RESERVED TO ALL POINTS ON 
OR VIA THE RAILWAYS OF THE 

VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE & GEORGIA AIR LINE. 



IN THE NORTH AND EAST 



BOSTON, at No, 3 Cld State House ; 205, 211, 214. 
232 and 322 Washington Street. ; and at the Depots 
of the New York Lines, and office of Line, 290 
Washington Street. 

Also, at Railroad Ticket Offices at Providence, 
Worcester, Springfield, Hartford, New Haven, 
Bridgeport, Stamford, etc. 

NEW YORK, at No. 1 Astor House; No. 8 Battery 
Place ; 315, 435, 849 and 943 Broadway ; 168 East 
125th Street ; Depots foot of Desbrosses and 
Cortlandt Streets, and office of Line. 303 Broad- 
way. 

BROOKLYN, at No. 4 Court Street, and office of 
Brooklyn Annex, foot of Fulton Street. 

JERSEY CITY, at Penn. R. R. Depot Ticket Office ; 
also, at Passenger Station Ticket Offices, Penn. 
R. R., at Newark, Elizabeth. Rahway, New 
Brunswick, and Trenton, N. J. 

PHILADELPHIA, at Nos. 838. 1100 and 1348 Chest- 
nut Street ; and at Depot. Broad and Market 
streets ; also, at R. R. Ticket Offices Penn. R. R. , 
at Germantown, Pa.. Chester, Pa., Wilmington, 
Del. 



HARRISBURG, at Ticket Office. Cumberland Yallev 
R. R. 

PITTSBURG, at Depot Ticket Offices. 

BALTIMORE, at Ticket Office. Western Maryland 
R. R.. 133 West Baltimore Street; at Depo: 
Western Maryland R. R., and office of Line, 157 
West Baltimore Street. 

WASHINGTON, at Depot of the Baltimore & Ohio 
R. R. ; at Depot Penn. R. R. ; also, at 601 Penn. 
Avenue. 

NORFOLK, at office, W. T. Walke, Ticket Agen:. 
under Atlantic Hotel ; also, at DeDOt N. & W. 
R. R. 

RICHMOND, at Depot Richmond & Petersburg. 
Richmond & Danville, and Richmond ik Alle- 
ghany R. Rs. ; also, at 1000 Main Street. A. W. 
Garb'er & Co., General Agents. 

HAGERSTOWN, MD.. at Ticket Office. Shenandoah 
Vallev R. R. 



ROANOKE. VA.. at Depot S. V. R. R.. and Norfolk 
& Western Railroads. 

And at Coupon Ticket Offices of all lines connecting at Harrisburg. Washington. Hagerstown and Shenandoah 

Junction. 



IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST. 



ATLANTA. GA., at Ticket Office Depot East Tenn.. 

Va. & Ga. R. R.. and W. & A. R. R Ticket Office. 
CHATTANOOGA, TENN.. at Depot Ticket Office 

E. T. V. & G. R. R. 
MACON, GA.. at Depot Ticket Office and at 102 

Mulberry Street. 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA., at Ticket Office S. F. & 

W. R. R., and office of Line, corner West Bay 

and Hogan Streets. 
ST. AUGUSTINE. FLA.. Ticket Office S. F. & W. 

R. R. 
SAVANNAH. GA.. at Ticket Office S. F. & W. R. 

R.. and Central R. R. of Ga. 

YICKSBURG. MISS., at Depot Ticket Office V. & 
M. R. R. 

MERIDIAN. MISS., at Depot Ticket Office E. T. V. 
& G. R. R. 

SELMA. ALA., at Depot Ticket Office E. T. V. & G. 
R. R. 

MONTGOMERY. ALA., at Depot of West Ala. R. 
R.. and L. & N. R. R. 



MOBILE. ALA., at Ticket Office Battle House, and 
Depot Ticket Offices L. & N. R. R. and M. & O. 

NEW ORLEANS. LA., at Ticket Offices and Depots 
of L. & N. R. R.. Illinois Central R. R., and office 
of Line, No. 9 St. Charles Street. 

GALVESTON. TEXAS, at 116 Tremont Street, and 
Depot Ticket Offices G. H. & H. R. R. 

HOUSTON, TEXAS, at Depot Ticket Offices T. & 
N. O. R. R.. and I. & G:. N. R. R. 

SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS, at Ticket Office and De- 
pot of G. H. &S. A. R. R. 

MEMPHIS. TENN.. at Main Street Ticket Office. 

Barnev Hughes. Ticket Asrent— and Depot M. & 

C. R. R. 
LITTLE ROCK. ARK., at Depot Ticket Office M. 

& Little Rock R R. 
TEX ARKANA. TEXAS, at Depot Ticket Office St 

L. &I. Mt. R. R. 
DALLAS, TEXAS, a: Der ;: Ticket Office Texas & 

Pacific R R. 
And at Ticket Offices of all connecting lines. 



8o 



LIST OF AGENTS 

OK THE 

VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE & GEORGIA AIR LINE, 

WHO WILL FURNISH SUMMER TOURISTS GUIDE BOOKS, TIME TABLES* 

AND ALL INFORMATION OF RATES, ROUTES, TICKETS, 

SLEEPING-CAR RESERVATIONS, ETC., ETC. 



C. P. Gaither, Agt 290 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 

H. V. Tompkins, Last. Pass. Agt 303 Broadway, New York. 

Geo. M. Huntington, N. Y. Pass. Agt 303 Broadway, New York. 

B. H. Feltwell, Pass. Agt 838 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

W. R. Esmer, Pass. Agt Hagerstown, Md. 

W. H. Fitzgerald, Agt 157 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Allen Hull, Pass. Agt Lynchburg. Va. 

T. H. Bransford, Agt Roanoke, Va. 

J. F. Cecil, Agt Norfolk, Va. 

W. C. Carrington, Tkt. Agt Bristol, Tenn. 

W. R. Kerr, Pass. Agt Knoxville, Tenn. 

M. M. Welch, Pass. Agt Chattanooga, Tenn. 

J. M. Sutton, Pass. Agt Chattanooga. Tenn. 

S. H. Hardwick, Traveling Pass. Agt Atlanta, Ga. 

James Maloy, Pass. Agt Atlanta, Ga. 

R. F. Reynolds, Tkt. Agt Macon, Ga. 

B. H. Hopkins, Pass. Agt Cor. Bay and Hogan Streets, Jacksonville, Fla. 

J. L. Mattison, Pass. Agt Montgomery, Ala. 

J. C. Andrews, S. W. Pass. Agt 5 St. Charles Street, New Orleans, La. 

E. D. Cobb, Pass. Agt New Orleans, La. 

J. L. Sutton, Pass. Agt Corinth, Miss. 

Eugene Sutcliffe, Pass. Agt Memphis, Tenn. 

J. M. Bullock, Pass. Agt Little Rock, Ark. 

P. R. Rogers, W. Pass. Agt Dallas, Tex. 

C. N. Right, Pass. Agt Houston, Tex. 

J. GOTHARD, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt Knoxville, Tenn. 

JOHN J. GRIFFIN, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt Atlanta, Ga. 

T. S. DAVANT, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt Memphis, Tenn. 

RAY KNIGHT, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt Selma, Ala. 

O. HOWARD ROYER, Div. Pass. Agt Hagerstown, Md. 

A. POPE, Gen. Pass, and Tkt. Agt. 



82 



THE VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE & GEORGIA 

AIR-LINE. 

THE RAILWAYS AND CONNECTIONS OF THIS SYSTEM FORM 

THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY ROUTE, 

Via HAGERSTOWN, LURAY, ROANOKE, 

THROUGH THE LOVELY 

VALLEY OF THE SHElSTAlSroOAIH:, 

With its Wealth of Scenic Beauty, not Surpassed the World over. 

PERFECT PULLMAN CAR SERVICE. DOUBLE DAILY TRAINS. 



THE KENNESAW ROUTE 

Via LYNCHBURG, BRISTOL, DALTON, 

The Old-Established and Favorite Through-Car Line between the North and South, 

PULLMAN SLEEPERS BETWEEN WASHINGTON, AND. HEW ORLEANS 



WITHOTJT OZEiAnNTG-IE. 



THE FLORIDA SHORT LINE, 

Via ATLANTA, MACON, JESUP, 

The Popular Route between the East and West, and the " Land of the Long- 
Leafed Pine" and "Magnolia Bloom." 

THE ONLY LINE RUNNING PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS 

FROM JACKSONVILLE 

ALL THE YEAR ROUND. 



THE CHICKASAW ROUTE, 

Via MEMPHIS, GRAND JUNCTION, CHATTANOOGA, 

72 Miles Shorter than any Line between TEXAS joints ani CHATTANOOGA, 

PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS BETWEEN MEMPHIS AND LYNCHBURG 

WITHOUT CHANGE. 

HENRY FINK, A. POPE, 

Genl. Manager. Genl. Pass, and Tkt. Agt 






83 



* Shenandoah Valley Route, 

BETWEEN THE 

NORTH and EAST, SOUTH and SOUTHWEST. 



ANEW TRUNK LINE PASSENGER HIGHWAY, with Unsurpassed 

■T HROUGH p ULLMAN-CAR g ERVICE. 

And Perfect Transportation Facilities, traversing the most prosperous sections 
of the Southern States, upon Railways of 

UNIFORM EXCELLENCE, SUPERIOR EQUIPMENT AND 
COMMON MANAGEMENT, 

UNITING 

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, 
HARRISBURG, WASHINGTON 

AND 

KNOXVILLE, CHATTANOOGA, MEMPHIS, LITTLE ROCK, 

ATLANTA, MONTGOMERY, MOBILE, NEW ORLEANS, 

JACKSONVILLE, and all points South and Southwest, 

TTZPOXST LIUNTIEJS OIF OOHVIIMIOrsr .UNTTIEIFtlEJST. 



ALONG THIS ROUTE, OR MOST ACCESSIBLE THEREBY, ARE 

HEALTH RESORTS AND SCENIC ATTRACTIONS 

OF ENDURING VALUE. 

The Shenandoah Valley, its continuous physical beauty and scenes of historic interest ; 
the wonderful Caverns of Luray ; the Natural Bridge of Virginia ; the noted Virginia 
Springs ; the Warm Springs of North Carolina, and the unrivaled scenery of Western 
North Carolina ; Asheville and the French Broad ; the charming resorts of East Tennes- 
see ; the renowned Winter tourist points of South Geqrgta and Florida ; with a reorganized 
and recreated hotel service en route : 

The Luray Inn, the Natural Bridge Hotel, the Hotel Rnaneke, fa, 

Assunng a personal comfort hitherto unattained in a Southern traveler's progress. 

In due season Excursion Rates, Tickets, and arrangements to all the Wonderful Resorts along 
the line will be perfected, adapted to the tastes and means of all classes of Summer Tourists. 

For Tickets, Time-Cards, Guide Books, Sleeping-Car Reservations, and all information, 
inquire at all Pennsylvania Railroad or other leading Railway Ticket Offices North and East, or at 
the Eastern Offices of this line : 



104 Fourth Avenue, PITTSBURG, Pa. 
290 Washington Street, BOSTON, Mass. 
303 Broadway, NEW YORK. 
838 Chestnut Street. PHILADELPHIA. 



157 West Baltimore Street, ) R .. -riMrvpr 
Western Maryland Railroad, f 
Cumberland Valley Railroad, HARRISBURG, Pa. 
Shenandoah Valley Rai!road,HAGERSTOWN, Md. 



A. POPE, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

LYNCHBURG, VA. 



84 



N 



ORFOLK & WESTERN RAILROAD, 

SHENANDOAH VALLEY RAILROAD, 



CONSTITUTING A PART OF THE POPULAR 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE k GEORGIA AIf[ LINE. 



THE THROUCH FREICHT ROUTE 



BETWEEN 



Boston and New England points, New York, 
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Reading, Pitts- 
burg, Wilmington, Del., etc. 



AND 



Knoxville, Chattanooga, Nashville, Memphis, 

Atlanta, Macon, Selma, Montgomery, 

Mobile, Mew Orleans, Vicksburg, 

& trans-Mississippi points. 



In addition to the advantages heretofore offered for shipments by rail and water, 

Via, JVORFOLIC, 

The SHENANDOAH VALLEY RAILROAD opens a 

NEW ALL-RAIL ROUTE, 

Via, &OJLJSrOICM 



THROUGH RATES, THROUGH CARS, THROUGH BILLS OF LADING 

For rates and information apply to Agents of the VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE 
& GEORGIA AIR LINE in the principal cities. 
O. H. ROYER, CHAS. P. HATCH, W. A. CARPENTER, 

Division Freight Aft, Gen , Freight A ^ ^ ^ .^ ^ 

S. V. RR., N. & W. and S. V. RRs. N. & W. RR. 

HAGERSTOWN, Md. LYNCHBURG, Va. LYNCHBURG, Va. 



85 

the GREAT SOUTHERN MAIL and 

KENNESAW ROUTE 

Via ATLANTA, DALTOJV, LYNCHBURG. 

The Olil-estaMisM anil Faro rite Throngh Car Line hetween the North and South, 

By this line Pullman Palace Cars are run between Washington and New Orleans, 
via Lynchburg, Knoxville, Atlanta, Montgomery and Mobile 

H- ^WITHOUT OH AUNTO-IE. -f- 
IN CONNECTION WITH 

THE STAR AND CRESCENT LINE FROM NEW ORLEANS 

KENNESAW ROUTE FORMS THE 

Short and Quick Line between all Texas points, Mexico & California, 

AND THE EAST. 



PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING CARS RUN DAILY BETWEEN 

NEW ORLEANS TO SAN FRANCISCO WITHOUT CHANGE, 

Via Houston, San Antonio, El Paso, Deming and Los Angeles, 

Thus making ONLY ONE CHANGE between California points and 

Washington — a journey of 3,710 MILES. 



CONNECTIONS ALSO WITH TEXAS & PACIFIC RAILROAD, 

Leaving New Orleans 10.20 a. m. for Shreveport, Dallas, Fort Worth, El Paso 
and all Northeastern and Western Texas, 

MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA. 



One of the Elegant Iron Steamships of the Morgan Line leaves Morgan City for Vera Cruz and 
Mexico on 1st and 16th, and Galveston, 2d and 17th of each month. 

ONLY 60 HOURS FROM GALVESTON, and ONLY 80 HOURS FROM NEW ORLEANS TO VERA CRUZ, 

With connections for TAMPICO, TUXPAN and JALAPA, MEXICO and FRONTERO, 
CAMPECHE and PROGRESO, CENTRAL AMERICA. 
Steamers of Morgan Line also leave NEW ORLEANS every Thursday for KEY WEST and 
HAVANA, arriving at Havana early the following Monday morning, avoiding many of the dis- 
comforts incident to a long sea voyage from Northern points, especially disagreeable during the 
Winter season. 

A. POPE, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Norfolk & Western and East 

Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroads. 
M. SLAUGHTER, General Passenger Agent, Virginia Midland Railroad. 

B. W. WRENN, General Passenger Agent, Western & Atlantic Railroad. 






86 



c 



HICKASAW ROUTE. 

MEMPHIS 4 CHARLESTON RAILROAD. 



Double Daily Trains between CHATTANOOGA 
and ARKANSAS and TEXAS points. 



The running time of the trains of this road between Chattanooga and Memphis 
is from 4 to 7 HOURS QUICKER than those of any other line. 

"noThAMeTf CARS BETWEEN CHATTANOOGA and LITTLE ROCK. 



ONLY LINE RUNNING SOLID TRAILS THROUGH FROM CHATTANOOGA TO MEMPHIS, 



Close connection made at Argenta for FORT SMITH and points on the line 
of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railway. 



By the recent opening of the " FRISCO LINE" Direct All-rail Connection is 

now made by this route to - 

Til FAMOTS EIMKA SF1INSS, 

Enabling passengers to reach this point Twenty-four Hours Quicker than 
they have been able to do heretofore. 

ABSOLUTELY THE SHORTEST LINE, BY MANY MILES, TO ALL POINTS IN 

Arkansas, Middle anOorthern Texas. 

THE RECENT COMPLETION OF THE 

SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY, 

CONNECTING WITH THE TEXAS PACIFIC AT EL PASO, 

MAKES THIS 

ABSOLUTELY THE SHORTEST ROUTE TO SAN FRANCISCO. 

The uniform loveliness of the climate and the attractive agricultural and 
scenic features of the sections of country traversed by this 

NEW SHORT ROUTE TO CALIFORNIA, 

RENDER IT BY FAR THE MOST DESIRABLE TRANS-CONTINENTAL ROUTE 



T. J. DAVANT, A. POPE, 

Asst. Gen. Passenger Agent. Gen. Passenger &> Ticket Agent. 



87 

The Florida Short Line. 



EAST TENNESSEE, VIRGINIA * GEORGIA RR. 



^LTL^ISTT^., IMZJ^COJST, vTIESTTIF. 



¥l)e > lWi^ ^kvorite f\oute, 



5 MILES SHORTER BETWEEN ATLANTA AND JACK 
SONVILLE THAN ANY LINE VIA SAVANNAH. 



Between JACKSONVILLE and CINCINNATI without change. 

Quickest time via JESUP. 

Between JACKSONVILLE and ATLANTA without change. 

Quickest time via JESUP. 

Between ATLANTA and NASHVILLE without change. Quickest 

time via JESUP. 

Betiveen ATLANTA and LOUISVILLE, without change. 

Quickest time via JESUP. 

Between ATLANTA and WASHINGTON without change- 

via KENNESAW ROUTE — makes practically no change of cars from 
Jacksonville to Washington, as these cars are hauled on same train. 

To NEW YORK via the shenandoah valley route, 

equivalent to no change of cars from Jacksonville, as the only two 
actual changes via this route are made by stepping from one car to another 
on same train. 



The Through Pullman- Car Service of the EAST TENNESSEE, 
VIRGINIA & GEORGIA RAILROAD.— " The Jesup and Atlanta Short 
Line " — is not offered as experimental for a few months, but is again presented 
as a PERMANENTLY ESTABLISHED SUCCESS. 



THE STAND ARD THROUGH GAR LINE. 

THE ONLY LINE RUNNING PULLMAN SLEEPERS TO/ND FROM FLORIDA 

AND THE NORTHWEST ALL THE YEAR ROUND. 



A. POPB, Gen. Passenger and Ticket Agt. 



88 

THE OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP LINES. 

TO SUMMER RESORTS: 

Old Point Comfort, Hygeia Hotel, Virginia Springs, Rehoboth Beach, M . 

FINE OCUjLJV STEAMSHIPS: 

ROANOKE (new), 2,354 tons. GUYANDOTTE (new), 2,354 tons. 
OLD DOMINION, 2,020 tons. WYANOKE, 2,020 tons. 
MANHATTAN, 1,525 tons. BREAKWATER, 1,044 tons. 
RICHMOND, 1,437 tons. 

PROPOSED SAJCZLITsTG-S. 

LEAVE NEW YORK, from Pier 26 N. R. (NE wno.>, 

EVERY TUESDAY, THURSDAY AND SATURDAY, at S P. M., 

FOR NORFOLK, PETERSBURG^ RICHMOND, VA.. DIRECT. 

LEAVE RICHMOND, 

SUNDAY, TUESDAY AND FRIDAY, AT HIGH WATER 

\ (SEE RICHMOND DAILY PAPERS.) 

LEAVE NORFOLK, 

MONDAY, WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY AT 6 P. M. 



-CONNECTING- 



At Norfolk with the Company's and Bay Line Boats for Fortress Monroe, Old Point 
Comfort, Hampton &c, and with the Norfolk & Western Railroad for the Virginia 
Springs ; At Portsmouth with Seaboard Air Line and Atlantic Coast Line ; At Richmon i 
with Chesapeake & Ohio Railway for White Sulphur and other famous Mineral Springs 

of West Virginia. 

THROUGH TICKETS AT LOWEST RATES. 

Steamers on Delaware division leave New York daily, in Summer, except Saturday, at 4 p. M. 
(until about September 10th ; after that date Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 3 P. M.), for 
Lewes, Del., opposite Cape May, connecting with Junction and Breakwater Railroad for Rehoboth 
Beach, (five miles distant), a Watering Place unrivaled on the coast for its Bathing and 
other attractions. 

THROUGH TICKETS, AND BAGGAGE CHECKED TO DESTINATION. 

Baggage called for at Residence, on Notice Given at office, 944 Broadway. 

These Steamers are fitted with every appliance for safety and comfort of passengers, and 
form an easy, cool, and delightful route to the Watering Places of Virginia, Delaware, and the 
South. Tickets and full information can be obtained at prominent Hotels, 207, 229, and 303 
Broadway, Pier 26 North River foot of Beach Street, and at General Offices of the Company, No. 
235 West Street, corner of Beach Street, opposite the Company's Pier (26 N. R., New No.) 

W. H. STANFORD, Secretary. 



w 



ESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD, 



CONNECTING WITH THE 



VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE * GEORGIA AIR LINE, 

" Shenandoah Valley Route," at HAGERSTOWN, 

AND WITH THE 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

At UNION STATION, BALTIMORE. 



—• H ^i> 



Magnificent Scenery, 

Grand Panorama 

Of 2,000 SQUARE MILES of the CUMBERLAND and SHENANDOAH VALLEYS 

VIEWED FROM THE CAR WINDOWS. 

PASSENGER EQUIPMENT FIRST CLASS. 

Unequaled Attractions to Excursionists, Tourists and tnpse 
seeking SUMMER RESORTS. 



THE ALL-RAIL FREIGHT ROUTE 



BETWEEN 



Baltimore and Southern and Southwestern points. 



THROUGH BILLS OF 1 LAJDrtTGh 

AMPLE ELEVATOR AND WHARFAGE FACILITIES AT TIDEWATER. 

♦ 

FREIGHT RECEIVED AND DELIVERED IN BALTIMORE at Hillen 
and Fulton Stations, Canton and Jackson's Wharf. 

BALTIMORE TICKET OFFICES — Hillen, Union, Pennsylvania Avenue 
and Fulton Stations, and 133 West Baltimore Street. 



B. H. GRISWOLD, J. M. HOOD, 

Gen. Ticket and Passenger Agt. General Manager. 



90 



%)k:qoke City. 



OANOKE CITY, at the junction of the Shenandoah Valley and Norfolk & 
Western Railroads, is located in the finest portion of Virginia, 53 miles 
west from Lynchburg, in a high and rolling country, with beautiful 
mountain scenery and unsurpassed climate. 

The "Hotel Roanoke," erected by the Roanoke Land & Improvement Co., 
offers travelers first-class accommodations, being newly furnished and fitted out 
with all the comforts and conveniences of a first-class hotel and is under the best 
of managament. Visitors will be within a short ride of the following places of 
interest : Blue Ridge Springs, Roanoke Red Sulphur, Peaks of Otter, Natural 
Bridge, Montgomery White, Yellow Sulphur, New River White and Alleghany 
Springs ; also the celebrated and wonderful Caverns of Luray. 

Roanoke is destined to be one of the large cities of the South, being located 
in the centre of a large iron belt. Furnaces, Steel works, Factories, Machine 
Shops and numerous other industrial enterprises are now locating here. The 
population of the town has increased about 4,000 within the last year. 

The Land Company is erecting many substantial dwellings and have many 
choice lots for sale for residences and business purposes. 

For further information, address 

J. B. AUSTIN, President, 
Roanoke Land and Improvement Co., Roanoke. Va. 






OCEAN VIEW HOTEL 



ocean view, va. 
q(ituated on the beach between capes henry and 

r^ CHARLES, and twenty minutes' ride by railroad from Norfolk, Va. 
IN FULL VIEW OF THE OCEAN, OV ER A FINE GRASS LA WN EXTENDING TO THE BEACH. 
Handsomely Furnished, Electric Bells, and everything first-class. 



FISHING AND BATHING 

jstot ©tt:r,:pa.ss:eto oust th:e .a^tl^hnttic coast. 



EIGHT TRAINS TO AND FROM NORFOLK DAILY 



The undersigned assures the public that Ocean View will be kept first-class 
in every particular, and every possible effort will be made to add continually to 
the comfort of guests. 

BOARD-$2.50 PER DAY, $14 PER WEEK, $45 PER MONTH, 

AND SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR LARGE PARTIES 
Letters or telegrams to J. A. KENNEDY, Ocean View, Va., will receive prompt attentio^ 

BOATS and FISHING TACKLE, with good attendants, always on hand ; also BILLIARD 

SALOON and BOWLING ALLEYS for amusement of visitors. Handsome Dancing 

Pavilion, and BRASS AND STRING BAND OF MUSIC engaged for the season. 

J. A. KENNEDY, Proprietor. 



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9 2 



HOTEL WARWICK 



NEWPORT NEWS, VA. 



BCHXTRY JP. STJEVEJSfS, JtfcLTta&ev. 







jTJlJOTEL WARWICK is delightfully located on the river bank at Newport 
(hL -L News, nine miles above Old Point Comfort. The marine view from this 
point is one of the finest on the coast. A constant breeze from the water 
prevails in Summer, giving cool nights and comfortable days. A gently sloping 
sandy beach is found in front of the Hotel Park, from which bathing may be in- 
dulged in without the slightest danger. Boating, hunting and fishing may be 
enjoyed during the season. Trains and boats connect with Old Point and Fortress 
Monroe at convenient hours during the day, giving a variety of entertainment to 
pleasure seekers. 

Hotel Warwick is built of brick, and is provided with all modern appliances 
for the comfort and safety of guests. Its beds are luxurious and its table excellent. 

PUI^E WATEI^ FI^OM AN ARTESIAN WELL 

is a special feature, which, together with perfect drainages, makes Hotel Warwick 
a safe as well as a pleasant resort. 



Application for rooms addressed to the Manager at Newport News will re- 
ceive prompt attention. 

Further information relative to Newport News and Hotel Warwick may 
also be obtained from C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent of the Old Dominion 
Land Company, No. 22 Pine Street, New York. 



I The Great Cure for Dyspepsia, 





MONG THE MANY ATTRACTIONS of the Mountains of Virginia, and 
in the midst of their wild and grand scenery, 1,300 feet above the level of 
the sea, the traveler will find a delightful retreat known as 

BLUE RIDGE SPRINGS. 

The delightful temperature, grandeur of mountain scenery, purity of the air 
and medicinal virtue of the water make this a charming place to sojourn during 
the Summer. Although but a recent aspirant for public favor, it has already taken 
rank with the older Summer resorts, and the bottled water is now shipped to all 
parts of the Union, bestowing its blessings upon those who are unable to leave home. 
I^LJSZJDXGXJSTJ^Xj effects. 

The following has been compiled, in part, from a notice of the waters by Dr. 
Moorman, physician for so many years at the old Greenbrier White Sulphur, and 
author of the well-known work on the Mineral Springs of Virginia : 

" The medicinal effects of the water are mildly laxative or actively purgative, according to 
the quantity used and the excitability of the bowels. As a laxative, they are vastly superior in 
chronic diseases to the ordinary drugs of the apothecary. Principally in this, that the invalid may 
keep up an action for a number of days without suffering that general debility or loss of appetite 
which is so apt to occur from a similar course of purgative medicine." 

ANALYSIS. 

In an analysis of the waters of the Blue Ridge Springs, made by Dr. F. A. 
Genth, Consulting Chemist and Geologist, No. 108 Arch Street, Philadelphia, the 
following valuable exhibit was made : 

In one gallon of water, containing 241 cubic inches, there was found, in round numbers, 160 
grains of minerals in solution. The exact result stood thus : 

IN ONE GALLON OF WATER THERE WAS OF 

Silicic acid 1.2629 grains 

Alumina 1402 



Sulphate of lime 100.2174 grains 

Sulphate of soda -9741 " 

Sulphate of potash 4°56 " 

Chloride of sodium - 2 5 3 " 



Bicarbonate of iron 4088 

Bicarbonate of magnesia 3.0100 

Bicarbonate of lime 5-43^3 

Sulphate of magnesia 47.5566 " Total 159.6642 

Prices of Water : Five-gallon boxed demijohns, $3 ; cases containing twelve half-gallon bottles, 
$4. Location : Immediately by the line of Norfolk and Western Railroad, 41 miles west of Lynch- 
burg, 12 miles east of Roanoke. Terms : Per day, $2.50 ; week, $14. Special rates for season. 
Four weeks constitute a month. PHIL F. BROWN, Proprietor, 

Late of the Markham Exposition Hotel, Atlanta, Ga. 



94 



crvw 



1883. CQYNER 

1 AND BLACK SULPHUR 

sifirihstg-s. 



fills WELL-KNOWN WATERING PLACE, situated in Botetourt 
County, Virginia, on the line of and in full view of the Norfolk 
and Wkstern Railroad, is 

OPEN FOR THE RECEPTION OF VISITORS. 

Since the last season new porches have been erected to the Hotel, and the 
Cottages put in thorough repair. 

Persons leaving Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Norfolk and Peters- 
burg, will arrive the same evening at the Springs ; those coming from the South, 
and West reach the Springs in about six hours from Bristol. 

Visitors desiring to stop, by informing the conductor when they strike the 
Norfolk & Western Railroad of the fact, will be landed at the platform 
immediately opposite to the springs. 

h-NO STAGING.-*- 

The Hotel being about two hundred yards from the platform makes it 

A VERY DESIRABLE RESTING PLACE 

for persons from the South going North or returning home. Desiring to make 
this place a resort for Families, where they can enjoy 

HOME COMFORTS, 
no trouble nor expense will be spared to render it pleasant and agreeable 

to GUESTS. 

THERE ARE 

FIVE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 

The medical qualities of which are so generally and favorably known that it is 
deemed unnecessary to speak of their virtues. 

BOARD: Per Day, $2; per Week, $10; per Month, of four weeks, 
from $25 to $35, according to location and accommodations. 

WM. H. FRY, General Manager. 

j^POST-OFFICE-BONSACK'S, ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA. 



95 



CLASSICAL and SCIENTIFIC COURSES 



ifoir, :d:ex3KR,:ei:b:s. 



Also, good advantages in Partial, Business, and Preparatory Courses. Curriculum 
full and standard high. French and German spoken. English prominent. 

J-jTBttJLIZrr 16,000 VOLUMES. 

o 
> 

o 




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itt' 



I": 1 



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iO 

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ill-' rn 



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£0 

C73 



THIRTY-FIRST SE SSION BEGINS SEPTE MBER 12. 1883. 

EXPENSES for Nine Months (including College Fees, Board, Fuel, Lights and 
Washing), $149, $176, or $204. Increasing patronage from many States. 

For catalogue, &c, address JULIUS D. DREHER. President. 






96 




ROANOKE RED SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 200 GUESTS. 

♦. 

BOARD— $35 for Four Weeks ; Seven Days, $12 ; One Day, $2.50. 

TEN MILES FROM SALEM, VA. TWELVE MILES FROM ROANOKE CITY. 

COOL, DRY, ELEVATED. NO FOGS OR DAMPNESS. 

°? e 3^ ^ ® k Z of M.^j § k( % ^ Qh± 

LIVERY ; BILLIARD and BOWLING SALOONS ; EXCELLENT BAND OF MUSIC, 

LARGE BALL-ROOM, &c. GOOD ROAD, GRAND SCENERY, FINE 

TROUT FISHING, GOOD HUNTING GROUNDS. 

HACK LEAVES LAKE SPRING, SALEM, EVERY DAY FOR THE SPRINGS. 

INVALIDS WILL BE FURNISHED EASY-GOING VEHICLES. 



Clerk, L. W. WISE. 



Eating and Linen Department, Mrs. E. W. SHIELDS, formerly of Christiansburg, Va. 



SULPHUR, CHALYBEATE, FREESTONE 1 LIMESTONE WATERS. 



We herewith desire to invite your attention to the advantages and attractions 
of this Watering Place, which has, for a number of years, been so favorably known 
both for its Curative Virtues and its pleasant and healthful surroundings 

AS A DELIGHTFUL SUMMER RESORT. 

All the comforts and enjoyments of first-class watering places are to be found 
here. It is one of the most desirable Summer Resorts to be found in the Moun- 
tains of Virginia. This water is highly prized for its Medical Virtues, and is gen- 



97 

ROANOKE RED SULPHUR SPRINGS— (Continued). 

erally conceded to be one of the best mineral waters in Virginia. Numerous cases 
of chronic diseases have been relieved by its use. Those seeking health, pleasure 
and comfort would do well to spend the Summer here. 

TELEPHONE CONNECTION WITH RAILROAD. 

For families it has many advantages, the Cottages have connecting rooms, 
with fire-places in each room, and thoroughly ventilated. The lawn is very large 
and very dry, and well shaded, and no dangerous places for children, and no rail- 
roads to annoy. The Cottages have two, four, six and twelve rooms, separated 
sufficient distance to make them desirable. 

Location. — These Springs are situated in Roanoke County, ten miles north 
of Salem, Va. , under the shadows of some of the outlaying ranges of the Alleghanies, 
surrounded by a beautiful and luxuriant growth of native trees and evergreens, 
with spacious grounds and an elevation of 2,200 feet above sea level. In conse- 
quence of this elevation the grounds are well drained. The pure, fresh and 
invigorating air from the mountain heights, the high and dry location of the Springs 
is highly appreciated by those desiring a change for purpose of health, novelty, 
recreation, and to get rid of the wearing activities of business life. Ample arrange- 
ments for all ordinary amusements. Taken altogether these Springs are a delight- 
ful Summer Resort for families. 

Baths convenient ; hot and cold baths and new water-closets added this 
season. 

Table. — The table will be supplied with the best the market affords. 

Music. — There will be in attendance an excellent band of music. 

Mails. — There is a daily mail to the Springs. Visitors should have their 
mail addressed Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs, via Salem, Va. 

Livery. — There will be run, in connection with the place, a good livery and 
line of hacks. Visitors will be met at Salem Depot by Lake Spring Omnibus. 
Conveyances can be had at Roanoke or Salem at reasonable prices. 



TZESTIIMIOlNri ALS . 
The claims of the Roanoke Red, as a therapeutical agent, were for many long years known 
to Dr. John H. Griffin, of Salem, Va., who wrote as follows : 

" The public are aware that these waters, which, have now for the irst time been analyzed, have already 
acquired, from their oft-observed effects, a high reputation in diseases of the chest; especially in that form 
which is truly regarded as the beginning of consumption. It is undoubtedly in the early stage of the disease, 
that this and all other remedies, can be most succssfully used ; but its marked good effects have also been 
witnessed in advanced cases. The ' modus operandi ' of the remedy is a matter of little consequence to the 
invalid, provided it restores his health ; whether it be by one, or the combined action of all the numerous in- 
gredients it contains is of little moment, but it is of consequence 10 remark that, unlike other Sulphur Waters 
(with the exception perhaps of the Monroe Red, especially that one so justly famous, which has been mainly 
instrumental in giving to Virginia Springs a world-wide reputation), it is free from all exciting properties; 
diminishing rather than increasing the force of circulation ; without which direct or indirect sedative influ- 
ence, Sulphur Waters are in all cases inadmissible in diseases of the chest. While this be so, it will not be 
thought, we presume, by any intelligent, well-informed physician, that the absence of these exciting ingre- 
dients will in any way interfere to render it less efficacious than the Springs referred to, which are of such 
rare value in appropriate cases." 

Dr. J. J. Moorman, for forty years physician to the White Sulphur Springs, and author of the 
"Mineral Springs of North America," and other works on the same subject, thus writes to the 
proprietors ol the Roanoke Red : 

" In yielding to your desire for a public expression of my opinion as to the medicinal value and applica- 
bilities of the waters of the Roanoke Rjed Sulphur Springs, I remark that these waters, belonging as they do 
to the class of the least stimulating of our Sulphur waters, are well adapted to the treatment of the early 
stages of bronchial and lungf troubles, as well as to numerous cases of mild vascular excitement, congestions 
and general nervous excitation. In such cases, in consequence of its non-stimulating, or very slightly stim- 
ulating, effects it can be used with less precaution, and with as good results, as are experienced from the use 
of more potent waters of the same general class. Its alterative and mild tonic character is distinctly indi- 
cated by its analysis, and has been fully verified by its practical use. Its solid ingredients in various chem- 
~ leal forms of iron, lithia, calcium, soda, ammonia, arsenic and alumina, with other medical ingredients, con- 
stitute a compound somewhat peculiar in mineral waters, and one well adapted to general alterative effects 
upon the organs and tissues of the diseased body. It is to such alterative influences that all Sulphur waters 
owe, to a very large extent, their power in overcoming diseased action. In congestions or other derange- 
ments of the mucus surfaces, in gouty diathesis and affections of the kidneys and bladder, in dyspeptic deprav- 
ities, and especially when the liver is implicated, as well as in chronic disorders of the abdominal cavity 
generally, and in female obstructions, these waters may be hopefully looked to for remedial efficacy. This is 
but a partial enumeration of the numerous diseases in which the waters may be beneficially employed. As 
a general hvgenic agent, gently alterating and energising the digestive and assimulating functions, and over- 
coming incipient obstructions of the various organs and tissues that might ultimately become serious disease, 
their healthful value can scarcely be over-estimated. Very respectfully, J.J. MOORMAN." 

F. J. CHAPMAN, Proprietor, Roanoke, Va. 

Dr. J. SHORTER HILL, of Baltimore, Resident Physician. 






LAKE SPRING HOTEL, 

SALEM, VIRGINIA. 




JlccorrirrLOcLcLtes oJborzt 15 O G-ixests. 

Clerk, J. W. CHAPMAN. Eating and Linen Department, Mrs. C. E. CALDWELL 

OPEN 1st OF MAY. 

Convenient to Telegraph, Post, and Railroad Offices and Churches, Dining 
and Ball Rooms. Omnibuses to all Trains. Telephone connection with 
Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs. An excellent band of Music. Billiard and 
Bowling Saloons. Hot and cold Baths for Ladies and Gentlemen. 

HEALTH, PLEASURE AND COMFORT. 

The large and commodious grounds, comprising some ten acres, well shaded 
by native forest trees, and being tastefully improved with special reference to the 
private amusement of ladies and children. These commodious grounds, with 
two handsome Lakes of living water, supplied with boats for aquatic amusements, 
with convenient fishing and hunting facilities, ample walks and drives, billiard 
and shooting galleries, croquet and base ball grounds, together with the picturesque 
charms of the surroundings, all combine to afford the guests of Lake Spring all 
rational recreation, amusement and pleasure. 

Lake Spring, being situated at the extreme boundary of the flourishing town 
of Salem, gives it all the advantages of a town and country residence combined. 
Upon the premises are good Freestone, Limestone and Chalybeate Springs, and 
in easy access are elegant Sulphur, Alum, and Chalybeate Springs. Besides the 
privilege of these, the waters from various prominent mineral springs will be 
kept at the Hotel for the use of the guests. Passengers for Roanoke Red Sulphur 
stop at Lake Spring. First-class livery stable and bath rooms. 

BOARD; Per Month (4 Weeks), $35. Seven days, $12. One day, $2.50. 

For further particulars, apply or address, » 

F. J. CHAPMAN, Proprietor, 

ROANOKE, VIRGINIA. 



99 

fN THE MIDST OF THE LOFTY SPURS OF THE KING OF 
MOUNTAINS, on the banks of the beautiful Roanoke River, in the 
county of Montgomery, Virginia, on the eastern slope of the Alleghany 
Mountains 
Mountai 



tins, the most elevated region between the Atlantic Ocean and the j 
tins, lie embowered 

The Alleghany Springs, 

THE MOST CELEBRATED DYSPEPTIC WATER KNOWN ! 



Rocky 



The Accommodations are First-Class, affording every Comfort to both Invalid and Pleasure-Seeker. 

THE HOTEL 

is commodious, and supplied with every requisite improvement, including Post, 
Telegraph, and Express offices, Billiard Saloon, Hot, Cold, and Shower Baths. 

Contiguous to the Hotel, on a commanding eminence, are over one hundred 
and fifty double cottages, with upper and lower galleries extending the entire 
length of the buildfngs and fronting the river and grand mountain scenery. 

Fine driving roads and beautiful walks extend in all directions, and the 
surrounding scenery is not equaled by any watering place in Virginia. 

A good livery is attached to the establishment ! A fine Brass and String 
Band of Music has been engaged ! 

AN ABUNDANCE OF ICE HAS BEEN SECURED. 

Pure spring water is conveyed from the Mountain in pipes to the Hotel and 
cottages, and is exclusively used in every department of the establishment. 

The Alleghany Water has become so celebrated that it is now shipped to 
nearly every State in the Union. 

Dr. White, so long and favorably known to the guests of the Alleghany, 
enters upon his sixteenth year as Resident Physician. 

The Springs are reached by the Norfolk & Western Railroad, and the guests are conveyed 
from Shawsville Depot in omnibus and carriages, 3^ miles, over a fine road. 

Pamphlets containing a full description of the Springs— with certificates of some of the 
remarkable cures of Dyspepsia, Chronic Diarrhoea, Scrofula, Chronic Diseases of the Liver and 
Kidneys, Cachetic Condition arising from Malarial Poison, Neuralgia, Hemorrhoids, Sick Head- 
ache, &c, will be furnished on application. 

BOARD -Per Day $2.50, Single Week $15, Two or more Weeks $12.50. 

CHILDREN under io years of age and servants half price. 

C. A. COLHOUN, General Manager, Alleghany Springs, Va, 

ONE GALLON, 70,000 GRAINS, CONTAINS, 



Sulphate of Magnesia 50.884290 grains 

Lime 115.294022 

Soda .. 1. 717959 

kl Potassa 3.699081 

Carbonate of Copper 0.000359 

Lead o 000569 

Zinc 0.0017 3 

Iron. . .. 0.157049 

Manganese 0.060617 

Lime *. 3.613209 

Magnesia 0.362362 

Strontia . 0.060536 

Hary ta 0.022404 

Lithia 0.001679 

Nitrate of Magnesia 3.219562 

lt Ammonia 0.559412 

Phosphate of Alumbina 0.025549 



Silicate of Alumina 0.207399 grains 

Fluoride of Calcium 0.022858 " 

Chloride of Sodium 0.274676 " 

Silicic Acid 0.882782 " 

Crenic Acid 0.001921 " 

Apocrenic Acid 0.000192 " 

Other Organic Matter 1.999101 " 

Carbonate of Cobalt ( Traces 

Teroxide of Antimony j 

183.069321 grains 
Solid ingredients by direct evapora- 
tion gave 184.072000 

Half combined carbonic acid 1.885526 ' 

Free carbonic acid 5.455726* " 

Hydro-sulphuric acid .. o.ooi339t u 

Total amount of ingredients, 



199.411912 



* 5-4557 2 6 grains of carbonic acid is equal to n. 544067 cubic inches. 

+ 0.001339 grains of hydro-sulphuric acid is equal to 0.000369 cubic inches. 



IOO 



BOYD'S HOTEL, 

WYTHEVILLE, WYTHE COUNTY, VA., 

AT THE DEPOT OF THE NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILROAD. 



One Hundred and Thirty-two Miles South from Lynchburg, Va., and 72 
Miles East from Bristol, Tenn. , and at an 

Elevation of 2,300 Feet Above the Ocean. 

A Large Brick House, four Stories High above the level of the Railroad Track, 

with a good Basement. 

TWO NEVER-FAILING SPRINGS OF MILD LIMESTONE WATER 

near the Hotel, and a large Cistern of Pure Rain Water in its Yard, and 

MINERAL WATER, 

Possessing well-tried and approved medicinal qualities, has been brought by pipes 
to and is flowing in the heart ofj the Town, of which an analysis by Professor 
Mallett, of the University of Virginia, will be shown to any one. Trains going 
East stop at this Station for Breakfast. 

BOARD AT MODERATE RATES, by the Day, Weet or Month. 



Persons stopping at this Hotel and desiring to change to some other Boarding- 
House, will cheerfully be afforded all information and facilities for doing so. 



THREE LITTERY STABLES 
In the Town, at which good Horses and Carriages may be had. 

The Town of Wytheville is located near the centre and most elevated part 
of the beautiful mountain region of Southwest Virginia (a region filled with iron, 
coal, zinc, copper, gypsum, salt, manganese, and many other minerals), at an 
elevation of 2,300 feet above the level of the sea, and with an atmosphere, for its 
purity and pleasantness, especially in the Summer and Fall seasons, unsurpassed 
and rarely equalled by that of any other locality. It has a population numbering 
nearly or quite 3,000, and is well supplied with churches for the various denomi- 
nations, and with good schools and mercantile houses, and sundry manufacturing 
establishments. 

THOS. J. BOYD, Proprietor. 



IOI 




HIS OLD and WELL-ESTABLISHED COLLEGE 
is still open for young men. It offers the following 
among other inducements : 

i. Its location is the very best in the country, situated on the Norfolk 
and Western Railroad, twenty-three miles from the Tennessee line, and over 
2,000 feet above the level of the sea. 

2. The College grounds are ample, embracing 600 acres of blue-grass. 
The buildings are large, commodious, and comfortable. 

3. The course of study is broad, liberal and adjusted to the wants of the 
times. 

4. The faculty is composed of strong, progressive men. No humbug- 
gery is tolerated. 

5. The moral and religious influences are of the best. 

6. Over 5,000 young persons have here received their education in 
whole or in part. We gladly refer to them. 

7. Terms are very reasonable. Two hundred dollars will pay for board, 
tuition, contingent expenses and books for the full session of forty weeks. 



THE NEXT SESSION 



WILL OPEN ON THE SECOND MONDAY IN SEPTEMBER. 



For catalogue or other information, address 



vrlM/IU 



or 



D. SULLINS, President, 

E. E. HOSS, Vice-President. 

EMORY, VA. 



102 



TRY THE CELEBRATED 

SEVEN SPRINGS IRON and ALUM MASS, 

Manufactured by LAND RUM & LITCHFIEL D, AUingion, Virginia. 

One Bottle of Mass is Equal to Sixteen Gallons of Water, 

The salts of medicinal properties of the wonderful Seven Springs in Wash- 
ington County, Va. — its efficiency in the treatment of diseases is conceded by 
physicians generally ; as a family medicine it is invaluable. For sick or nervous 
Headache it never fails to relieve and cure — is indispensable for this complaint 
alone. For diseases peculiar to females, Dyspepsia, Indigestion, General Debility, 
Nervous Prostration, Chills and Fevers, Malarial, Dropsical, Throat, Liver and 
Kidney Affections, Skin Diseases, Scrofula, Eczema, Impurities of the Blood, 
etc., a more efficient and valuable remedy is not to be had. 

"THE SEVEN SPRINGS MASS" 

Is for sale by Druggists generally at 50 cents and $1.00 per bottle. Price of 
Water, 25 cents per gallon at the Springs. The MASS can be sent to any part 
of the world through the mails. In ordering always ask for ' ' Seven Springs 
Mass, " made by 

LANDRUM & LITCHFIELD, Abingdon, Va. 



TESTIMON I^X-S. 



One of the most efficient tonic alteratives I have ever 
used. GEO. B. JOHNSTON, M. D., Richmond, Va. 

From my experience with the " Iron and Alum 
Mass," I believe it the best medicine we have in use, 
for chronic diseases. G. M. D. PATTERSON, M. D., 
Englewood, Texas. 

For Dyspesia, Ulcerations of the Throat, Inflamma- 
tion of the neck of the Bladder, Leucorrhcea, etc., the 
" Seven Springs Mass" seems to act with almost spe- 
cific effect. E. O. GRIGSBY. M. D., DeView, Ark. 

The "Seven Springs Mass" furnishes a valuable | 
remedy to relieve Uterine Hemorrhages, and this 
class of female diseases, far superior to the dialyzed 
iron. FRED HORNER, Jr., M. D., Surg. U. S. N. 

Have been using "Iron and Alum Mass" in my 
practice for the last ten months with marked success 
in many cases. JOHN HUGHSON, M. D., Sump- 
ter, S. C. 

I am fully convinced, from personal observation, of 
the great therapeutic value of the " Seven Springs 
Mass " in the treatment of female complaints. A. 
LANDCASTER, M. D., Stormville, Miss. 

Have had great success with " Iron and Alum 
Mass" in treating female diseases. It is a desirable 
medicine, and should be better known by the profes- 
sion. E. T. BAINBRIDGE, M. D., Baker's Station, 
Tenn. 

Bishop GEO. F. PIERCE says: "I know one 
case of remarkable recovery from chronic dyspepsia. 



It is a ' panacea ' for sick headache, both to cure when 
it comes and to prevent if taken in time." 

Dr. W. G. E. CUNNYNGHAM says: "We owe 
the health and strength we enjoy to-day, if not our 
life, to the Seven Springs Mass." 

Rev. R. N. PRICE says: "My wife is subject to 
sick headaches, and for her the Seven Springs Mass is 
a specific, both to cure and prevent" 

Rev. G. C. RANKIN says: " Mrs. Rankin says she 
cannot over-estimate the value of the ' Mass' in her 
case, and would advise everybody who suffer with 
sick headache to use it." 

Miss E. G. MARSHALL, of Lunenburg County, 
Virginia, says : "It has cured me of dyspepsia and 
sick headache ; am now in better health than for 
vears." 

' Mr. JOHN D. ROQUEMORE, Eufaula, Ala., 
says: "My wife is using the 'Seven Springs Mass' 
for chronic indigestion with very happy results." 

A. WADDILL, proprietor of the Lynchburg News, 
says : " My wife has been subject to severe spells of 
sick headache for more than twenty years, and has 
been entirelv cured bv using the Mass." 

Hon. THOS. WHITEHEAD, proprietor of the 
Advance, Lynchburg, Va., says: "The 'Seven 
Springs Mass ' acts on my liver and stomach in a 
most satisfactory manner, never failing to relieve me 
of attacks of headache produced by irregularity in 
meals or from over work." 



GEO. E. TAYLOR. SAML. G. FIELDS. G. V. LITCHFIELD. 

TAYLOR, FIELDS & CO., 

FIRE and LIFE INSURANCE, 

HEAL ESTATE JM COLLECTING JIGEHTS, 

JlBINaJDON, "VA.. 



Abingdon and Virginia, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York References Furnished. 



i6 3 



LEA'S SPRINGS, 



THE 



NEAREST SUMMER RESORT 



TO 



KNOXVILLE, TENN. 



GREATLY IMPROVED IN EVERY RESPECT. 

A VARIETY OF 

THE BEST NATURAL MINERAL WATERS IN EAST TENNESSEE, 

CONSISTING OF 

WHITE SULPHUR, 

BLACK SULPHUR, 

AND CHALYBEATE. 



DAILY HACK LINE FROM McMILLANS, 

Connecting with the afternoon train. The whole time consumed between Knox- 
ville and the Springs less than three hours. 



Send for illustrated catalogue of Surrounding Scenery ; also for descrip- 
tion of the great 



D J 



INDIAN RIDGE CAVE, 

with its miles of stalactic and stalagmitic formations. 



BOARD. — Per day, $2.00 ; per week, $9.00 ; per month, $30.00. Special rates 
for families. Children under ten years and colored servants half price. 
For further particulars address, 

M. J. HUGHES, Proprietor, 

BLAIN'S CROSS ROADS, Grainger County, E. Tennessee. 






HOT AND WARM SPRINGS HOTEL 

MADISON COUNTY, N. C. 

THE WARM SPRINGS COMPANY, Proprietors. 



GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. New Ball Room 



,4 • 



and Dining-room, each 52x110 feet. Electric bells in every room. 



EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY RAIL FROM ALL DIRECTIONS, 



r 

Largest Hotel and Most Delightful Resort in the South 
foi\ Invalids and ^leasuf^e Seekers. 



All amusements will be found here that are to be had at 
first -class Watering Places. 



THE MOST MAGNIFICENT SCENERY IN THE WORLD, 

AND THE FINEST CLIMATE IN THE COUNTRY. 



AIMS FREE FROM ALL FOG A! DAMPNESS. 

These clear, powerful Mineral and Electric Waters effect speedy and radical 
cures in most cases of Chronic and Sub-Acute Gout and Rheumatism, Paralysis, 
Dyspepsia, Torpid Liver, Affections of the Kidneys, Chronic Cutaneous Diseases, 
Scrofula, Neuralgia, Secondary Syphilis, Nephritic and Calculous Disorders, and 
some diseases peculiar to females. 

Accessible by East Tennessee, Virginia, Tennessee & Georgia Railroad, 
via Unaka (Paint Rock) and the W. N. C. R.R. No staging. 

SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET. 



H. A. GUDGER, Manager, 

WARM SPRINGS P. O.. N. C. 



TATE EPSOM SPRING. 

THE MOST RELIABLE AND BEST ENDORSED. 

Wonderful in the Cure of Dyspepsia and Diseases of the Stomach, Bowels, Liver, Kidneys, &c. 
HOTEL OPEN TH L YEAR ROUND- 



Dear Sir :— This water has received the highest 
endorsement from all parts of the country. Below 
we give only a few of the thousands who, from per- 
sonal experience, have great faith in its medical virtues 
and who believe it will do what is claimed for it. In 
the annual pamphlet of forty pages will be found 
many more certificates and references, and full infor- 
mation on all points. 

Judge McFarland, Morristown, Tenn. : "It is, by 
far, the best mineral water in the country for all 
that class of diseases for which it is recommended." 

Hon. J. B. Heiskell, "Memphis, Tenn.: "Tate 
Spring water has become a necessity with my family.'" 

Maj. Campbell Wallace, Atlanta, Ga.: " Of all the 
springs of Virginia and Tennessee, I consider the 
1 Tate Epsom ' the most 




VlX 



1 1 tit my . . ^ 



wonderful, and the proper- 
ties of the water most valu- 
able." 
Daniel & Marsh, Drug- 

fists, Atlanta, Ga. : " We 
ave been selling it for four 
years, and have no hesi- 
tation in saying it is the 
best mineral water with 
which we are acquainted." 

J. R. Binford, Duck Hill, 
Miss. : " My wife feels that 
she owes her life to its 
virtues." 

J. H. Field, Columbus, 
Miss.: " I believe it a speci- 
fic in malarial and liver 
troubles." 

Wm. J. Thompson, Little 
Rock, Ark. : " The excellent 
water, combined with the 
high elevation and magni- 
ficent scenery, render 
Tate's an excellent family 
resort, and persons desiring 
congenial associates, freed 
from the restraint and style of fashionable watering 
places, can find none better." 

J. M. Studbaker, South Bend. Ind. : " I believe there 
is no spring in America that contains the healing 
qualities that Tate Spring does." 

Ro. Lapsley, Selma, Ala. : " In no case have I seen 
any disappointment either in the place as a resort, or 
in the health-restoring effect of the water." 

C. W, Anderson, Savannah, Ga. : " For all com- 
plaints incident to malarial localities I consider Tate 
water unequaled." 

Judge W. M. Brooks, Selma, Ala., came to the 
Spring quite sick with dyspepsia. In two weeks he 
was quite well. 

Thos..Crutchfield, Esq., Chattanooga, Tenn. : " It 
is without a rival on the continent." 

D. T. Boynton, M. D., Knoxville, Tenn. : "In the 
class of diseases for which it is recommended, I 
believe it is unsurpassed as a curative agent." 

Frank McNulty, Knoxville, Tenn. (late of N. Y.) : 
" I believe k Tate water * to be the only water in the 
country that will cure dyspepsia." 

J. H. Whitlow, Lynchburg, Va. : "The action of 
the water was prompt and decided, and gave me 
the much-desired relief." 

C. T. Walker, Cashier German Bank, Little Rock, 
Ark. ; " The qualities of the water are such that con- 
stitute it one of the finest tonics and health restorers 
I have ever used. It proved very beneficial to every 
member of my family." 

J. H. McAvoy, President Bemis & McAvoy Brew- 
ing Co., Chicago, 111.: "I have it continually on 
draught in my house, having become almost a family 
necessity." 



TATtSPRING 
IY1INCFAL WATER 




Or. J. S. Weatherly, Montgomery, Ala. : " I know 
of no mineral water in the United States that has the 
same virtues of this water." 

Judge E. H. English, Little Rock, Ark. : "We 
found no better place in our after travels." 

Wm. Flemming, Bradford, Pa.: "I remain, as 
ever, a strong advocate of Tate water in almost every 
case of derangement of bowels and kidneys." 

Geo. Smith, of the Commercial Cotton Press, New 
Orleans: " 1 have used the Tate water for the last 
year, "and find it retains all its qualities for any 
period." (M. H. Church, N. O., endorses in nearly 
the same language.) 

James Swann, of Inman, Swann & Co., N. Y. : "I 
have found Tate water of great benefit, and superior 
to many other waters I 
have used." 

J. S. Carr, Durham, N. 
C. : "I think it the finest 
water to be found any- 
where." 

H. A. Barnard, Marshall, 
N. C. : "I have patronized 
Tate water for more than 
fifteen years, and was cured 
by it of dyspepsia, liver 
complaint and kidney dis- 
ease. My daughter was 
cured perfectly well and 
sound of a broken and hope- 
lessly shattered constitu- 
tion. 

T. S. Redding, Selma, 
Ala.: "It had the same 
effect shipped to Selma in 
barrels that it had at the 
Spring." 

Maj. R. D. Mare, Mont- 
gomery, Ala. : " Tate water 
entirely cured my daughter 
o chronic diarrhoea after 
physicians had 



our best 
given her up as uncurable." 

Rev. E. C. Davidson, Oxford. Miss., and G. A. 
Adair, Atlanta, Ga., and many other friends endorse 
Tate water for sick headache. 

J. W. Pence, Minneapolis, Minn. : " It is far better 
than Bethesda." 

R. T. Hargrove, Rome, Ga. : " Equal to the best 
Congress water." 

B. C. Adams, Esq., Grenada, Miss., and others: 
" Clears the complexion." 

All our Southern people endorse Tate water for 
troubles incident to malarial localities. 

Senator J. E. Brown, Atlanta, Ga. : " It is a good 
tonic. I commend it for indigestion." 

Judge Hopkins, Atlanta, Ga. : " It is the best water 
I know of in the world." 

Hon. A. H. Pettibone, M. C , Greenville. Tenn. : 
" In 1880 1 was called suddenly to Ohio to see, as was 
expected, a sister die. The tivo barrels of the water 
you sent her have cured her." 

Special Reference. — Recent visitors who have had 
most happy experience with Tate water, and whose 
letters are in pamphlet, are : M. K. Hotchkiss. Olean, 
New York ; Sam. W. Hunter, Athens, Ga.; Rev. O. 
P. Fitzgerald, D. D., Nashville, Tenn.; Tuos. P. 
Miller, Mobile, Ala.; Judge A. Hood, Cuthbert, 
Ga.; Jno. J. McGavock. Nashville, Tenn.; J. T. 
Murfee. Marion, Ala.; W. P. Inman, Atlanta. Ga.; 
David Weil, Montgomery, Ala.; G. J. Foreacre, 
Atlanta, Ga.; C. W. Lovelace, Marion, Ala.; Jno. 
F. Simmons, Atlanta, Ga.; T. D. Flippen, Knoxville, 
Tenn.; Jas. B. Sullivan, Rome, Ga.; H. S. Morris, 
Olean, N. Y.; J. A. McCampbell, Knoxville, Tenn. 



PAMPHLET FREE. ORDERS FOR WATER, PAMPHLET, &c, ADDRESS 

TOMLINSON & RAGSDALE, Tate Spring, Grainger Co., Tenn. 



Hacks connect with all trains at Morristown, Tenn. 






io6 

The Natural Bridge Hotels. 



Y'HE New Hotels, FOREST INN and APPLEDORE, have 
been united under one management ; have a capacity for 
three hundred guests, and are two miles from Natural Bridge 
Station of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, where the transfer is 
made in Tally- Ho Coaches over an excellent road. The guests 
have the freedom of the grounds. 



The Natural Bridge Forest 

Includes three square miles, in which rise three principal mountains 600 feet 
above the plain, two of which are connected ' ' by the bridge, not made with 
hands, which spans the river, carries a highway and makes two mountains one. " 
Every effort has been made to restore this area to its original state. The farm 
houses have been destroyed, fences removed and the fields sown in grass. Ten 
miles of carriage roads and bridle paths have been made which lead to the moun- 
tain tops, and a park is laid out with drives, lawns, open forests and vistas. Six or 
seven clear streams, bursting from caves, leap into Cedar Creek in cascades and 
waterfalls. The great Bridge, which stands next to Niagara of the wonders of the 
Continent, is of unstratified blue limestone, 80 feet wide, 60 feet span and 216 
feet high ; its mighty groined arch is as perfect as if cut with chisels, and shows 
no sign of cleft or displacement, or of its cause. It forms the gateway to a beau- 
tiful glen, where there are great trees, waterfalls and precipices, based and broid- 
ered with ferns, flowers, mosses and lichens. Within a few rods of this bridge and 
in the heart of this wonderful and beautiful forest, the Hotels are located, 1,600 
feet above the sea, " in the path of the winds." They will be elegantly furnished, 
and have water, gas and all modern conveniences. 

The Stable is supplied with trained saddle-horses, and the order of out-door 
life includes tournaments and cavalcades. The management invite the pleasure- 
seeker and the health-seeker. Every effort will be made to make the place home 
like. Horses can be hired at special rates by the week and month. Private 
horses will be kept at $12 per month. 

Access : Without change of cars from Philadelphia and New York via She- 
nandoah Valley Railroad. From Baltimore via Western Maryland or Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad. From Cincinnati and the West via Chesapeake and Ohio 
Railroad. From Richmond and the East via Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. 
From Memphis and the South via Norfolk and Western Railroad. 

For terms, etc. , address 

E. H. FISHER, Superintendent, 

NATURAL BRIDGE, VIRGINIA. 






IQJ 



HOTEL ROANOKE, 

ROANOKE, ROANOKE CO.. VA. 



This Elegant Hotel is Furnished Handsomely, and Contains 
Every Modern Improvement. 

ESPECIALLY PROTECTED AGALJVST FIRE. 




Cuisine Unexcelled, Service Attentive, and Conducted with 

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMFORT OF GUESTS. 



GEO. K. MULLIN 

(of St. Cloud Hotel, Philadelphia), 
Proprietor. 



io8 



May ist, Season of 1883. 

LURiY IM, 

PAGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA. 

This elegant and artistically appointed Hotel is now open, and contains every 
known appliance for the comfort and convenience of guests. 



Tables Supplied with the Best from Eastern Markets. 




Excellent Meals and Lunches are served at the Excursion House 
Restaurant, close to the Shenandoah Valley Railroad Depot. 



ALL TRAINS STOP AT LURAY FOR MEALS. 



Please notify train- conductors of meals desired, or of 
intention to visit the Caverns. 



Passengers are Requested to Report any Incivility on the Part of Employees. 



GEO. K. MULLIN, 

(of St. Cloud Hotel, Philadelphia.) 

Proprietor. 




TTarri^b^'p h.oek>U£*. 

x» ^ 'Proprietor. 



Virginia. 



On 

| 



,S situated one hundred yards from Fort Monroe, at the confluence of the 
Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads, about 180 miles south of Baltimore, 
^*~* and 15 miles north of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

The place is reached by the splendid steamers of the Bay Line, Potomac and 
James River Companies, running daily between Baltimore, Washington, Rich- 
mond and Norfolk, and by rail direct from Richmond via the Chesapeake & Ohio 
Railway. 

The Hygeia is four stories in height, substantially built and comfortably 
furnished ; has two Otis' hydraulic elevators, gas and electric bells or Creighton's 
Oral Annunciator in all rooms ; rooms for bath, including HOT SEA, and 
closets on every floor, with the most perfect system of drainage of any hotel or 
public building in the country. 

As a resort for the pleasure-seeker, invalid, or resting place for tourists on 
their way to Florida or the North, this house which has accommodations for 1000 
guests and is open throughout the year, presents inducements which certainly are 
not equaled elsewhere as a summer resort or cold weather sanitarium. Over 
$150,000 have been expended in enlarging and improving the place within the 
past two years, and it is the most perfect in all its appointments of any hotel south 
of New York. 

There is music and dancing every evening and all the pleasures of a fashion- 
able watering place are to be enjoyed. The Climate of Old Point Comfort is tin- 
equaled for salubrity and general healthfulness, malarial fevers being absolutely 
unknown. The record of the Meteorological Observatory for the past ten years 
shows an average temperature of 74 deg. in summer ; 59 deg. in autumn ; 44 
deg. in winter, and 52 deg. for spring ; "the invigorating atmosphere and mild 
temperature being especially adapted to that class who seek the genial winters of 
the South and cool summers of the North. The whole region round about is 
filled with picturesque scenery, offering delightful drives by day and romantic 
strolls by night. Boating and fishing are especially attractive, and the surf bath- 
ing, which is good from May until November, is unsurpassed on the Atlantic 
Seaboard. For sleeplessness and nervousness, the delicious tonic of the pure 
ocean air and the lullaby of the waves rolling upon the sandy beach, but a few 
feet from the bedroom windows, are most healthful soporifics of the Hygeia. 

For further information address by mail or telegraph, 

H. PHOEBUS, Proprietor. 



no 



MOORE'S 

BUSINESS UNIVERSITY, 



ATLANTA, GA. 



Jl StancLcurcl IrtstitvLtioTL, established 1858. 

The (J^usiness World ±n MiTLicutvure. 

Stixdervts Cecily on 'Chcurxge. 



The best course of instruction for the times. Students may enter 
at any time. No Classes. 



SIEINriD fob oi:rotti,a.:rs, TJB1TIHJLS, «Sec 



W. H. SKAGGS, GEO. M. CRUIKSHANK, 

Secretary and General Manager. President. 



T 



ALLADEGA REAL ESTATE 

and LOAN ASSOCIATION, 

TALLADEGA, ALA. 



Control some of the finest Mineral and Timber Lands in the 
South ; Negotiate Loans on Real Estate ; Investigate Titles ; 
Buy, Sell and Transfer Property, Collect Rents, &c. 



Ill 



JONES, WILLIS & CO., 



DEALERS IJST 



HARDWARE AID MILL FINDINGS, 

Guns, Pistols, Cutlery, Blacksmiths' Bellows, Vises and Anvils, 
Shovels, Hoes, Axes, Saddlery, Glass, Paints, Oils, &c. 

25 & 27 PALAFOX STREET 

PENSACOLA, FLA. 



SIMONDSSAW MANUFACTURING COMPANY FISCHER, LEAF & CO.'s Mantels and Grates, 

N.Y. BELTING &. PACKING COMPANY, HOWE SCALES, 

TANITE EMERY WHEELS, LAFLIN & RAND POWDER COMPANY, 

STEEL BARB WIRE FENCING, ATLAS ENGINE WORKS. 



MERCHANTS' HOTEL, 

PENSACOLA, FLORIDA. 

COR. GOVERNMENT & PALAFOX STREETS. 

2&. KRYGER, Proprietor. 

THE ONLY HOTEL having HOT and COLD WATER 

BATHS, ELECTRIC BELLS, and RUNNING 

SPRING WATER in Every Room. 



BAR AND BILLIARD SALOON ATTACHED. 



RATES, $3 PER DAY. 



BRAIN AND NERVE FOOD 




VITALIZED PHOS-PHITES, 

COMPOSED OF THE NERV E-GIVING PRINCIPLES OF THE OX-B RAIN AND WHEAT-GERlVi. 

It restores the energy lost by Nervousness or Indigestion ; relieves Lassitude and Neuralgia ; 
refreshes the nerves tired by worry, excitement, or excessive brain fatigue ; strengthens a failing 
memory, and gives renewed vigor in all diseases of Nervous Exhaustion or Debility. It is the 
only Preventive for Consumption. 

It aids wonderfully in the mental and bodily growth of infants and children. Under its use 
the teeth come easier, the bones grow better, the skin plumper and smoother ; the brain acquires 
more readily, and rests and sleeps more sweetly An ill-fed brain learns no lessons, and is ex- 
cusable if peevish. It gives a happier and better childhood. 

'* It is with the utmost confidence that I recommend this excellent preparation for the relief of indiges- 
tion and for general debility; nay, I do more than recommend. I really urge all invalids to put it to the 
test, for in several cases personally known to me signal benefits have been derived from its use. 1 have 
recently watched its effects on a young friend who has suffered from indigestion all her Hfe. After taking the 
Vitalized Phos-Phites for a fortnight she said to me, l I feel another person ; it is a pleasure to live.' 
Many hard-working men and women— especially those engaged in brain work— would be saved from the 
fatal resort to chloral and other destructive stimulants if they would have recourse to a remedy so simple 

and so efficacious ■- , , | | ■■■■—■— «_____ 

Emily Faithfull." 

Physicians have prescribed over 600,000 Packages because they know its Composition, 
that it is not a secret remedy, and that the formula is printed on every label. 

IF- CROSBY pO-, 664 and 666 SIXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 



For Sale by Druggists or by Mail in P. O. Order, ■ Bill, or Postage Stamps, #1. 



STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY RESPECT. 



CITY HOTEL, 

(FORMERLY THE SANTA ROSA. ) 

' under" ~rm Told- "^S^^ih^M^^^y^^. 

GOVERNMENT STREET, 

Opposite Opera House and Public Square, PENSAnniiA FlS 

E3. J". COOKIE:, Clerk. 



This Hotel contains SIXTY ROOMS, with 

LARGE, COMMODIOUS SAMPLE ROOM ON FIRST FLOOR 

for Commercial Men. 



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; - Tennessee' 

- JslOi 



The Shenandoah Valley R. R. 
Norfolk & Western R. R. 
East Tennessee. Virginia & Georgia R. ^fr™^ 
AND THEIR CONNECTIONS 






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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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